{"id":29461,"date":"2023-12-07T07:38:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-luong-du-lieu-data-flow-diagram-dfd-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:09:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:09:32","slug":"so-do-luong-du-lieu-data-flow-diagram-dfd-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-luong-du-lieu-data-flow-diagram-dfd-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Flow Diagram – DFD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Flow Diagram – DFD)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Data Flow Diagram<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 DFD<\/b>.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b>\u00a0(DFD)<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh (progress). N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sang m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u0103c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh,\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi\u00a0s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 BFD, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m “ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng” thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DFD.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD<\/font><\/h3>\n

DFD<\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin:<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/i>: DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/i>: DFD d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t<\/i>: DFD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

– T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/i>: DFD cho ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. DFD cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/font><\/h3>\n

– S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh (Context diagram): \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 cho ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u1ede m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n

– S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 0 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c i (i >= 1) l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c i-1. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 m\u1ee9c sua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 s\u1ebd d\u1eebng khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (khi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hay thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, khi m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh BFD tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 0, m\u1ee9c 1,…<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Data Flow Diagram, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: DFD) ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sang m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u0103c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29461"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29461\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}