{"id":29598,"date":"2023-12-07T07:44:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gay-anh-huong-influence-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:09:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:09:57","slug":"gay-anh-huong-influence-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gay-anh-huong-influence-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao.html","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (Influence) trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: colinjamesmethod<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng
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G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Influence<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c “n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con” c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch; tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, bao tr\u00f9m h\u01a1n. G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n th\u00ec g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, bao tr\u00f9m, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh “tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp” nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh “gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp” nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “\u0111\u1ee9ng m\u0169i ch\u1ecbu s\u00e0o”, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c hi sinh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng – \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i qui, qui ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n uy m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3. Quy\u1ec1n uy \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c do ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 mang l\u1ea1i theo quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 uy t\u00edn, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00ed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n uy ngo\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n uy do ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 mang l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, qui tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kelman (1958) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ba “ki\u1ec3u” g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/i> (Instrumental compliance): c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/i> (Internalization): khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb thu ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh x\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i> (Personal Identification): M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 “tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu th\u1ebf kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c,… nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thu ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2n tr\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, thu ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 thu ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Influence) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29598"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29598\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}