{"id":29600,"date":"2023-12-07T07:44:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:44:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nang-luc-ra-quyet-dinh-decision-making-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:09:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:09:57","slug":"nang-luc-ra-quyet-dinh-decision-making-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nang-luc-ra-quyet-dinh-decision-making-trong-nang-luc-lanh-dao.html","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (Decision making) trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Lucidchart<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Decision making<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c “n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con” c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u0103n c\u1ee9, logic\u00a0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: Ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0m? Khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m? L\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o logic c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

N\u1eafm r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Song, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t (mong \u0111\u1ee3i\/k\u00ec v\u1ecdng) v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t. C\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ebd ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h3>\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 1: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5 th\u00f4ng tin, sau \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, sau \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 4: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, sau \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, sau \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111a s\u1ed1<\/p>\n

(Theo Harvard Business Review on Dicision Making, Harvard Business School Press, 2001<\/i>)<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh logic, l\u00ed t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfu tr\u00ean, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

– Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo chu\u1ea9n<\/i>: bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y theo l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn logic v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

– Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c th\u00ec<\/i>: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea3y sinh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c th\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u<\/i>: th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp trung, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Decision making) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c “n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con” c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29600"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29600\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}