{"id":29650,"date":"2023-12-07T07:46:51","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/doanh-nghiep-enterprise-la-gi-cac-loai-hinh-doanh-nghiep.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:10:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:10:09","slug":"doanh-nghiep-enterprise-la-gi-cac-loai-hinh-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/doanh-nghiep-enterprise-la-gi-cac-loai-hinh-doanh-nghiep.html","title":{"rendered":"Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Indriksons)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise)\u00a0<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise)<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed kinh doanh theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh tr\u00ean tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Theo M\u1ee5c 7 – \u0111i\u1ec1u 1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2014<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh l\u1eddi (Theo Kho\u1ea3n 2 – \u0111i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2005<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\"photo-2\"<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. (Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh. Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean: PGS.TS Mai V\u0103n B\u01b0u – PGS.TS. Phan Kim Chi\u1ebfn, khoa Khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd – \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/font><\/h3>\n

1. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2005<\/i>, c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ed, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/b>: l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/b>: l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p do m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/b>: l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n cam k\u1ebft g\u00f3p v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n<\/b>: l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>C\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p danh<\/b>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, c\u00f9ng nhau kinh doanh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p danh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

2. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b>: l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n 100%, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f9n v\u1ed1n<\/b>: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 do c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia g\u00f3p v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty. H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chia l\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/b>: l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh doanh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed, do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/b>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3<\/b>: l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u, l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n, g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c l\u1eadp ra theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng x\u00e3 vi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b>\u00a0trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra: doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

4. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/b>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh: doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0(Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt)<\/i><\/p>\n

5. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/b>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh: doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng ty<\/b>:\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kinh doanh kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau:\u00a0c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 – c\u00f4ng ty con,\u00a0t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. (\u0110i\u1ec1u 146, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2005)<\/i><\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean doanh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI)<\/b>:\u00a0<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean doanh<\/i> l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p do hai b\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean doanh ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ed gi\u1eefa Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc CHXHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean doanh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean doanh.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/i> l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 100% v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u00a0(Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\n Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Enterprise) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29650"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29650\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}