{"id":30705,"date":"2023-12-07T09:45:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T09:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-bo-tai-san-asset-allocation-la-gi-phan-bo-tai-san-theo-do-tuoi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:14:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:14:13","slug":"phan-bo-tai-san-asset-allocation-la-gi-phan-bo-tai-san-theo-do-tuoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-bo-tai-san-asset-allocation-la-gi-phan-bo-tai-san-theo-do-tuoi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (Asset Allocation) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Medium.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Asset Allocation<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n <\/b>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ba l\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau theo th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng\u00a0ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n <\/b>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu, ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. \u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/b> kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (CD) v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u0129 h\u01b0u tr\u00ed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (IRA) <\/b>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu do th\u01a1i gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00e0i h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi e ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. \u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian n\u1eafm gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/i> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu<\/i> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u0103m n\u0103m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y 100 tr\u1eeb \u0111i tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi 40 tu\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 60% v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Qui t\u1eafc tr\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u0129 theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n,<\/b> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u0129 theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau<\/i>, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u0129 n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u0129 H\u01b0u tr\u00ed M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 2030 c\u1ee7a Vanguard l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau. Qu\u0129 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 12 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 1 , qu\u0129 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 71% v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 29% v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, qu\u0129 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng 50\/50 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Asset Allocation) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30705"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30705\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}