{"id":30730,"date":"2023-12-07T09:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T09:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/yeu-cau-bo-sung-ki-qui-margin-call-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:14:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:14:23","slug":"yeu-cau-bo-sung-ki-qui-margin-call-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/yeu-cau-bo-sung-ki-qui-margin-call-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y.html","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung k\u00ed qu\u0129 (Margin Call) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Bulldog Film Distribution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung k\u00ed qu\u0129 <\/span><\/span><\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span><\/span><\/b>, ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 margin call<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Margin call<\/b> s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u00a0(l\u00e0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n vay) gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Margin call <\/b>l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1ea1p th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n hay ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Margin call th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea1p th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111ang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Margin call<\/font><\/h3>\n

Margin call<\/b> ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 vay ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Khi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ed qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 mua ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, anh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n vay t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a anh ta trong kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n tr\u1eeb cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 vay t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Margin call<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t khi ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec<\/i>. S\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch Ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n New York (NYSE)<\/i> v\u00e0 FINRA<\/i> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 b\u1eb1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25% c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec<\/i>\u00a0cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3n 30%-40%.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c margin call\u00a0<\/b>s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec<\/i>. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n<\/i> b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec<\/i>. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n = Ti\u1ec1n vay\/(1 – M\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec)<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n k\u00ed qu\u0129\u00a0v\u1edbi 5000$ ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 5000$ ti\u1ec1n vay t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mua 200 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng ty cho ph\u00e9p k\u00ed qu\u0129 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 50$. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c k\u00ed qu\u0129 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 30%. Th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 10.000$.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t\u00a0margin call\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 7.142,86$, b\u1eb1ng 5000$\/(1 – 0,3), \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 35,71$.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 margin call<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng ty C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (BSC) qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 margin call \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. T\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 30%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 30% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, BSC s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n n\u1ed9p th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> l\u00ean tr\u00ean 30%.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BSC qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> l\u00e0 55%, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> margin call l\u00e0 30%. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 60 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh mua ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1n vay BSC \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 40 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng 60\/100 = 60%. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n b\u1ea1n mua b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 50%, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng 50% x 100 tri\u1ec7u = 50 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 50 tri\u1ec7u \u2013 40 tri\u1ec7u = 10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 10\/50 = 20%. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, BSC s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n n\u1ed9p th\u00eam t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> k\u00ed qu\u0129<\/span> th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00ean m\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng 15\/50 = 30%.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung k\u00ed qu\u0129 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Margin call) s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n k\u00ed qu\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30730"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30730\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}