{"id":31120,"date":"2023-12-07T10:21:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thong-tin-bat-can-xung-asymmetric-information-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-thong-tin-bat-can-xung.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T07:28:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T00:28:21","slug":"thong-tin-bat-can-xung-asymmetric-information-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-thong-tin-bat-can-xung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thong-tin-bat-can-xung-asymmetric-information-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-thong-tin-bat-can-xung.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric information) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: static.tapchitaichinh.vn)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric information)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Asymmetric information.<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric information)<\/b> x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong giao d\u1ecbch. Khi \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m th\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch; th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean; th\u1ee9 ba, trong hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng k\u00ecm h\u00e3m giao d\u1ecbch. Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hai r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (t\u1ea1o ra sau khi cu\u1ed9c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch<\/b> l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c giao d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng cao. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i vay c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111i vay nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c mua ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c <\/b>l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c); C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u0103ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m (y t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, tai n\u1ea1n), th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho vay t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, sau khi vay ti\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i vay l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n sang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho m\u00f3n vay \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Hay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thao t\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty do c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u0103ng cao, k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1ecf, \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c, khi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng tin;<\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin;<\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin;<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Asymmetric information) d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hai r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (t\u1ea1o ra sau khi cu\u1ed9c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra).\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31120"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31120"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31120\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}