{"id":31126,"date":"2023-12-07T10:21:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/von-di-vay-borrowings-cua-ngan-hang-la-gi-cac-loai-von-di-vay.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T07:28:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T00:28:22","slug":"von-di-vay-borrowings-cua-ngan-hang-la-gi-cac-loai-von-di-vay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/von-di-vay-borrowings-cua-ngan-hang-la-gi-cac-loai-von-di-vay.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ed1n \u0111i vay (Borrowings) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n \u0111i vay"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: The Economic Times)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1ed1n \u0111i vay (Borrowings)<\/font><\/h2>\n

V\u1ed1n \u0111i vay<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi t\u1eeb Borrowings<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (NHTW) hay c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u00a0(TCTD) kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u00a0trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111i vay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/i>. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, NXB Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/i>)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n \u0111i vay<\/font><\/h3>\n

Vay t\u1eeb NHTW<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NHTW cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n vay ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i NHTW trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef hay qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. NHTW c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u00a0hay t\u00e1i chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Cho vay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p hay \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ti\u1ec1n vay NHTW c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u hay \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n

– Chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u01a1ng phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

– Cho vay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

– Cho vay l\u1ea1i theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 thu mua l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n; d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u1eadt t\u01b0, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u; s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a XK thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean…<\/p>\n

Vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1eeb c\u00e1c TCTD kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i vay n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a NHTW. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cho vay qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i NHTW. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u1eeba d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a NHTW, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef s\u1ebd vay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i cho vay n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Vay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

1. Vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua l\u1ea1i (Repurchase Agreement)<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00edn phi\u1ebfu kho b\u1ea1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n mua l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 t\u00edn phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 sau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y hay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

2. Vay t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9:<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Khi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu hay gi\u1ea5y n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 vay ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a NHTW v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t do NHTW qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu, c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho vay l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Vay t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vay t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Negotiable certificate of deposit)<\/i>:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 6 th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

2. Tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 vay n\u1ee3 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 2 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 vay ti\u1ec1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Do lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thanh to\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 USD cho n\u00ean vay ti\u1ec1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng vay b\u1eb1ng USD.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c vay ti\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n Euro Dollars, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi b\u1eb1ng USD thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu Euro Dollars ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, NXB Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n V\u1ed1n \u0111i vay (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Borrowings) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng vay t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}