{"id":3125,"date":"2023-11-29T17:37:52","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T17:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3125"},"modified":"2023-12-14T14:26:49","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T14:26:49","slug":"lean-six-sigma-mo-hinh-cai-tien-nang-suat-chat-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lean-six-sigma-mo-hinh-cai-tien-nang-suat-chat-luong.html","title":{"rendered":"Lean Six Sigma \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. Lean Six Sigma \u2013 LSS la\u0300 gi\u0300?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lean la\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tinh go\u0323n, do ha\u0303ng Toyota Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n kh\u01a1\u0309i x\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng a\u0301p du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00ean go\u0323i\u00a0TPS \u2013 Toyota Production System<\/strong>\u00a0t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng n\u0103m 60. A\u0301p du\u0323ng Lean nh\u0103\u0300m loa\u0323i bo\u0309 la\u0303ng phi\u0301 va\u0300 b\u00e2\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p ly\u0301 trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch vu\u0323, h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng mo\u0323i hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng cu\u0309a t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c theo h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng \u201ctinh go\u0323n<\/em>\u201d kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 la\u0303ng phi\u0301, ru\u0301t ng\u0103\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i gian cung c\u00e2\u0301p sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m di\u0323ch vu\u0323 t\u01a1\u0301i kha\u0301ch ha\u0300ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 giu\u0301p Toyota va\u0300 ca\u0301c ha\u0303ng c\u00f4ng ty cu\u0309a Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n ta\u0323o ra l\u01a1\u0323i th\u00ea\u0301 ca\u0323nh tranh v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t tr\u00f4\u0323i tr\u00ean thi\u0323 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng toa\u0300n c\u00e2\u0300u v\u01a1\u0301i ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh, chi phi\u0301 h\u01a1\u0323p ly\u0301 va\u0300 th\u01a1\u0300i gian giao ha\u0300ng \u0111u\u0301ng ha\u0323n.<\/p>\n

Six Sigma (6 Sigma)<\/strong>\u00a0: la\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p qua\u0309n ly\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c Motorola kh\u01a1\u0309i x\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng n\u0103m 80. Six Sigma t\u00e2\u0323p trung va\u0300o vi\u00ea\u0323c th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p va\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0323u qua\u0309 nh\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0301c ky\u0303 thu\u00e2\u0323t va\u0300 ca\u0301c nguy\u00ean t\u0103\u0301c qua\u0309n ly\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c th\u01b0\u0300a nh\u00e2\u0323n. T\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u1ea3nh\u00a0h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n k\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ea\u0323c, Six Sigma t\u00e2\u0323p trung va\u0300o vi\u00ea\u0323c la\u0300m th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o \u0111\u00ea\u0309 th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n c\u00f4ng vi\u00ea\u0323c ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng (hay g\u00e2\u0300n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ) co\u0301 sai l\u00f4\u0303i hay khuy\u00ea\u0301t t\u00e2\u0323t \u1edf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u0303 Sigma theo ky\u0301 t\u01b0\u0323 Hy La\u0323p \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c du\u0300ng trong ky\u0303 thu\u00e2\u0323t th\u00f4\u0301ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0301nh gia\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 sai l\u00ea\u0323ch cu\u0309a qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh. Hi\u00ea\u0323u qua\u0309 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t c\u00f4ng ty cu\u0303ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111o b\u0103\u0300ng m\u01b0\u0301c sigma ma\u0300 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111o\u0301 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c khi th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n ca\u0301c qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t kinh doanh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u0103\u0323t ra m\u01b0\u0301c 3 ho\u0103\u0323c m\u01b0\u0301c 4 sigma t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u0301ng xa\u0301c xu\u00e2\u0301t sai l\u00f4\u0303i 66.897 t\u01a1\u0301i 6.210 tr\u00ean m\u00f4\u0323t tri\u00ea\u0323u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00ea\u0301u \u0111a\u0323t t\u01a1\u0301i 6 Sigma, con s\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y se\u0303 co\u0300n la\u0300 3,4 l\u00f4\u0303i tr\u00ean m\u00f4\u0323t tri\u00ea\u0323u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Six Sigma \u0111a\u0303 th\u01b0\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0323t tra\u0300o l\u01b0u va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111o\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0323n r\u00f4\u0323ng ra\u0303i, nhi\u00ea\u0300u c\u00f4ng ty ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u trong ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh kha\u0301c nhau t\u01b0\u0300 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh \u0111\u00ea\u0301n chuy\u00ea\u0309n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 cao \u0111a\u0303 a\u0301p du\u0323ng tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng Six Sigma nh\u01b0: Asea Brown Boveri, Black va\u0300 Decker, Dupont, Dow Chemical,\u2026<\/p>\n

Lean Six Sigma ( LSS)<\/strong>\u00a0la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t m\u00f4 hi\u0300nh qua\u0309n ly\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p co\u0301 cho\u0323n lo\u0323c gi\u01b0\u0303a\u00a0Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tinh go\u0323n ( Lean Manufacturing)<\/em>\u00a0va\u0300\u00a0Six Sigma<\/em>\u00a0ra \u0111\u01a1\u0300i va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng n\u0103m 90. No\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xem la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t xu th\u00ea\u0301 m\u01a1\u0301i trong vi\u00ea\u0323c l\u01b0\u0323a cho\u0323n ca\u0301c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p va\u0300 c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 ca\u0309i ti\u00ea\u0301n m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch h\u01b0\u0303u hi\u00ea\u0323u nh\u0103\u0300m pha\u0301t huy t\u00f4\u0301t nh\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0309 n\u0103ng n\u00f4\u0323i ta\u0323i cu\u0309a t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng ca\u0309 ba y\u00eau c\u00e2\u0300u quan tro\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i kha\u0301ch ha\u0300ng: gia\u0301 ca\u0323nh tranh, ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng t\u00f4\u0301t va\u0300 th\u01a1\u0300i gian giao ha\u0300ng \u0111u\u0301ng ha\u0323n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u00a0LSS \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c a\u0301p du\u0323ng tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng ta\u0323i ca\u0301c t\u00e2\u0323p \u0111oa\u0300n \u0111a qu\u00f4\u0301c gia nh\u01b0: GE, Xerox, Boeing, Samsung, LG,.. Co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i LSS la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p linh hoa\u0323t va\u0300 toa\u0300n di\u00ea\u0323n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c va\u0300 duy tri\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng trong kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

II. \u0110\u00f4\u0301i t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng a\u0301p du\u0323ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c,\u00a0doanh nghi\u00ea\u0323p sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ho\u0103\u0323c cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch vu\u0323 va\u0300 co\u0301 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u n\u00e2ng cao kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ca\u0323nh tranh th\u00f4ng qua loa\u0323i bo\u0309 la\u0303ng phi\u0301, ru\u0301t ng\u0103\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i gian sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t\/ cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch vu\u0323 va\u0300 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m.<\/p>\n

– T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c,\u00a0doanh nghi\u00ea\u0323p co\u0301 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u ca\u0309i ti\u00ea\u0301n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u00ea\u0323u qua\u0309 a\u0301p du\u0323ng h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng qua\u0309n ly\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

– T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c,\u00a0doanh nghi\u00ea\u0323p \u0111ang g\u0103\u0323p kho\u0301 kh\u0103n trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, kinh doanh do chi phi\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o t\u0103ng cao, gia\u0301 ba\u0301n gia\u0309m, c\u00e2\u0300n ta\u0301i c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

III. L\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch khi a\u0301p du\u0323ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Gia\u0309m chi phi\u0301 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3m\u00a0thi\u1ec3u la\u0303ng phi\u0301.<\/p>\n

– Ru\u0301t ng\u0103\u0301n th\u01a1\u0300i gian sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch vu\u0323. Th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n \u0111u\u0301ng cam k\u00ea\u0301t giao ha\u0300ng \u0111u\u0301ng ha\u0323n.<\/p>\n

– Gia\u0309m thi\u00ea\u0309u sai l\u00f4\u0303i trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 cung c\u00e2\u0301p. Gia\u0309m ty\u0309 l\u00ea\u0323 sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m l\u00f4\u0303i.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng chi\u0309 giu\u0301p t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n nh\u01b0\u0303ng cam k\u00ea\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i kha\u0301ch ha\u0300ng, khi a\u0301p dung LSS t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c co\u0300n co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u01b0\u0323 tho\u0309a ma\u0303n b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch ta\u0323o ra ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m\/di\u0323ch vu\u0323 m\u01a1\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i mang la\u0323i nhi\u00ea\u0300u gia\u0301 tri\u0323 gia t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t tr\u00f4\u0323i so v\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00f4\u0301i thu\u0309 ca\u0323nh tranh.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u0323c qua\u0309n ly\u0301 va\u0300 gia\u0309i quy\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301c v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng, khoa ho\u0323c cho ca\u0301c ca\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 chu\u0309 ch\u00f4\u0301t trong t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u00ea\u0323c ho\u0323c ho\u0309i va\u0300 a\u0301p du\u0323ng trong th\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0303n ca\u0301c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p va\u0300 c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 cu\u0309a LSS.<\/p>\n

– Ta\u0323o n\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng v\u01b0\u0303ng ch\u0103\u0301c cho vi\u00ea\u0323c x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng v\u0103n ho\u0301a ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng trong t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c.<\/p>\n

IV.Ca\u0301c b\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c tri\u00ea\u0309n khai :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lean Six Sigma \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u00e2\u0323n DMAIC bao g\u00f4\u0300m 5 giai \u0111oa\u0323n theo tri\u0300nh t\u01b0\u0323: Define ( Xa\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh), Measure ( \u0110o l\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng), Analysis ( Ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch), Improve ( Ca\u0309i ti\u00ea\u0301n) va\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0301i cu\u0300ng la\u0300 Control ( Ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t). M\u00f4\u0303i giai \u0111oa\u0323n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xa\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh nh\u01b0\u0303ng hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 ma\u0300 nho\u0301m d\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301n pha\u0309i th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n b\u0103\u0300ng m\u00f4\u0323t h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 thi\u0301ch h\u01a1\u0323p.Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh DMAIC l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh Six Sigma. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sang d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 sang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 Define (D)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Lean Six Sigma (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c )<\/p>\n

2. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 Measure (M)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110o L\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

– \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (cung\u00a0c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u2026)<\/p>\n

– \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng sai l\u1ed7i, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

– \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian (Lead time, Cycle time, Takt time, Waste time,\u2026)<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00fat c\u1ed5 chai (bottleneck) \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00e1ch t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng CTQ (Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu) \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (Stage) c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

– \u0110o m\u1ee9c Sigma \u2013 L\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 ra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 Analyze (A)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110o L\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng (Value added) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng (Non \u2013 Value added).<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn (n\u00fat c\u1ed5 chai) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u\u00a0r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

– 5 T\u1ea1i sao (Five Why\u2019s) \u2013 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 (Descriptive Statistics, Histograms) \u2013 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ta ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\/H\u1ed3i qui (Correlation\/Regression Analysis)- Nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh (Main Effect Plot)- Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai (ANOVA) \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng (mean) gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

– Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) \u2013 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean qui tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft (Hypothesis testing methods) \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch quan cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n

4. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u2013 Improve (I)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ea3i Ti\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Quy ho\u1ea1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng d\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (Cellular Layout)<\/p>\n

– Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\u00a0quy tr\u00ecnh (Standard Work)<\/p>\n

– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan (Visual Management)<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c\u00a0\u201cL\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d) \u2013 Poka yoke<\/p>\n

– S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (Value Stream Mapping)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5S<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (TPM \u2013 Total Productive Maintenance<\/strong>)- Th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i\/Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb (Changeover\/setup time)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Kanban<\/strong><\/p>\n

– C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

–\u00a0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac JIT<\/strong>\u00a0(Just In Time)<\/p>\n

5. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u2013 Control (C)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi c\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

– Tri\u1ec3n khai vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Control Plans): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

– L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (SPC): T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1eadn tr\u00ean (USL) v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi (LSL) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m (CL)<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra (Check Sheets) \u2013 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. Lean Six Sigma \u2013 LSS la\u0300 gi\u0300? Lean la\u0300 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tinh go\u0323n, do ha\u0303ng Toyota Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n kh\u01a1\u0309i x\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng a\u0301p du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00ean go\u0323i\u00a0TPS \u2013 Toyota Production System\u00a0t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng n\u0103m 60. A\u0301p du\u0323ng Lean nh\u0103\u0300m loa\u0323i bo\u0309 la\u0303ng phi\u0301 va\u0300 b\u00e2\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p ly\u0301 trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, cung c\u00e2\u0301p di\u0323ch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3125\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}