{"id":31301,"date":"2023-12-07T10:30:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thi-truong-chung-khoan-stock-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-va-phan-loai.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T08:01:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T01:01:18","slug":"thi-truong-chung-khoan-stock-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-va-phan-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thi-truong-chung-khoan-stock-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-va-phan-loai.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n (Stock Market) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Tapchitaichinh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Stock Market.<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b> l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mua b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n ngay t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i, n\u01a1i giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/font><\/h3>\n

– \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n; gi\u00e1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan h\u1ec7 cung – c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba g\u1eafn v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, v\u1eeba g\u1eafn v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/font><\/h3>\n

K\u00eanh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba khi chi ti\u00eau \u00edt h\u01a1n thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ecd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chung c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh quan tr\u1ecdng qua \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh – ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00e9p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>\n

Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh kho\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trung gian<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f4ng khai th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/font><\/sup><\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p<\/i>: L\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n m\u1edbi cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n,.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n ra c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/i> (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p II hay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 2 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 theo l\u1ec7nh (order driven).<\/i><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 theo gi\u00e1 y\u1ebft (quote driven).<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (s\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n).<\/i><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi t\u1eadp trung (OTC).<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c S\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft b\u1edfi S\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00ecn chung th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng OTC l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft (unlisted), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo th\u1eddi gian thanh to\u00e1n<\/b><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao ngay:<\/i> L\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ngay khi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i sinh<\/i>: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1i sinh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, k\u00ec h\u1ea1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn, swap…<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, NXB Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i).<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Stock Market) l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mua b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31301"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31301\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}