{"id":31309,"date":"2023-12-07T10:31:26","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51-51-attack-la-gi-noi-dung-ve-hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T08:01:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T01:01:19","slug":"hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51-51-attack-la-gi-noi-dung-ve-hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51-51-attack-la-gi-noi-dung-ve-hinh-thuc-tan-cong-51.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% (51% Attack) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: YouTube)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% (51% Attack)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 51% Attack.<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% <\/i>n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i (blockchain) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bitcoin, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o (miners) ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n 50% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c hay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c\u00a0chi ti\u00eau hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u0169, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bitcoin hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/font><\/h3>\n

Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\u00a0chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i\u00a0–\u00a0m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng\u00a0s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n trong hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i hay b\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bitcoin, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef “\u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c” l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 gian l\u1eadn s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng khai s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bitcoin, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean l\u00e0 12,5 bitcoin, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 sau n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 0.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i (c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/i>. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi checkpoint b\u1edfi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a bitcoin.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%<\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 50% n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% (ti\u1ebfng Anh: 51% Attack) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i (blockchain) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bitcoin…\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31309"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31309\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}