{"id":3133,"date":"2023-11-29T22:21:35","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T22:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3133"},"modified":"2023-12-14T14:31:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T14:31:27","slug":"just-time-jit-thong-san-xuat-tuc-thoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/just-time-jit-thong-san-xuat-tuc-thoi.html","title":{"rendered":"Just In Time (JIT) h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<strong>Just-In-Time (JIT)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u: \u201cs\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, JIT l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n v\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc sao cho quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay khi quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Qua \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a JIT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, H\u00e3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 Ford (Hoa k\u00ec) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p xe, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Just in time (JIT).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, H\u00e3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 Toyota (Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n) ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng th\u00e0nh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Just in time \u2013 JIT.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n Toyota \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ford, ph\u00e1t huy \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111a n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Toyota<\/strong>\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u2013 Just in time.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0<strong>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2013 Kaizen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2013 One pieceflow.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 T\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i \u2013 Jikoda.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u2013 Heijunka.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, d\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, cung x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Sau Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, Just in time ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hoa k\u00ec l\u00e0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>Deming\u00a0<\/strong>v\u00e0 Juran ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. T\u01b0 duy lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n qua. \u0110\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, h\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ea5n n\u00fat b\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng khi nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (t\u01b0 duy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, t\u1ed3n kho l\u1edbn. T\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1eefu \u00edch :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1eadt t\u01b0, b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n theo qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho b\u00e3i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e2ng cao nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kho b\u00e3i, chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00ed h\u00e0ng l\u1ed7i m\u1ed1t t\u1ed3n kho.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m h\u00f4m nay nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn xa. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n coi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n: th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho chu\u1ea9n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2013 L\u1eadp lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nhau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 L\u1eadp lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: khi c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cK\u00e9o\u201d:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u, cho d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cK\u00e9o\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ngay khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y \u0111i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung ngay t\u1ee9c th\u00ec (n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb l\u1edbn). N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n trong kho (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u), h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i,\u00a0<strong>Th\u1ebb b\u00e1o (Kanban)<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kanban<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n trong t\u1eebng qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i Kanban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p linh ki\u1ec7n khi chuy\u1ec3n qua t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 1 Kanban \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Linh ki\u1ec7n qua h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, Kanban \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung \u1ee9ng linh ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>Kanban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo 2 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Th\u1ebb r\u00fat (Withdrawal Kanban): chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh sau nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb qui tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Th\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7t (Production \u2013 Ordering): chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh sau ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Toyota \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m 80 % l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ea9y\u201d sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cK\u00e9o\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Th\u1ebb b\u00e1o \u2013 Kanban.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Just in time<\/strong>: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nhau, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt t\u01b0 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n kho, \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ed1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Lu\u1ed3ng \u201ch\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u201d l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft cho t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc sao cho c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay sau khi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \/ b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf qui tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra, nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ra kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Just in time \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng ty li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Mu\u1ed1n Just in time th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n theo qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i (c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau ki\u1ec3m tra, nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc), b\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn, ng\u00e0y \u00edt vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Just in time:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n kho, \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho b\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 T\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 T\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Linh ho\u1ea1t trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eabu m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia s\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<strong>c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Gi\u1ea3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0Just-In-Time (JIT)\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u: \u201cs\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3133"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3133\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}