{"id":3148,"date":"2023-11-29T07:48:41","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3148"},"modified":"2023-12-14T13:39:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T13:39:01","slug":"chu-trinh-pdca-la-gi-ap-dung-thuc-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chu-trinh-pdca-la-gi-ap-dung-thuc-te.html","title":{"rendered":"Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDCA<\/b>\u00a0hay\u00a0Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA<\/b>\u00a0( L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1ec9nh ) l\u00e0\u00a0chu tr\u00ecnh\u00a0c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\u00a0Deming\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chu tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Shewart\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Walter A. Shewart \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0b\u1eb1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 30. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i quen g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Deming hay v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA<\/div>\n
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C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi PDCA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Plan: l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ph\u1ea1m vi, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Do: \u0110\u01b0a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Check: D\u1ef1a theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Action: Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n l\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nghi\u00eang (theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3), chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu tr\u00ecnh PCDA ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong\u00a0ISO 9001. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9001.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf PDCA<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PDCA b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p dung PDCA d\u1ea1ng m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c m\u1eabu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 5S\u00a0<\/strong>th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Kaizen. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (P). Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed (D). B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra (C) xem c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng trong khi th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng (A) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 PDCA d\u1ea1ng m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh PDCA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1eabu, trong t\u00e2m l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c , l\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng KAIZEN<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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  1. C\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n
  2. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    3. L\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. V\u1edbi KAIZEN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 cao 30% so v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt. V\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    4. L\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PDCA\u00a0hay\u00a0Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA\u00a0( L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1ec9nh ) l\u00e0\u00a0chu tr\u00ecnh\u00a0c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\u00a0Deming\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chu tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Shewart\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Walter A. Shewart \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[222,193],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3148"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3148\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}