{"id":31544,"date":"2023-12-07T10:43:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T10:43:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-so-trung-binh-cong-nghiep-dow-jones-dow-jones-industrial-average-djia-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T09:38:34","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T02:38:34","slug":"chi-so-trung-binh-cong-nghiep-dow-jones-dow-jones-industrial-average-djia-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-so-trung-binh-cong-nghiep-dow-jones-dow-jones-industrial-average-djia-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Dow Jones (Dow Jones Industrial Average – DJIA) la\u0300 gi\u0300?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Fr.depositphotos.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0Dow Jones (DJIA)\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1\u00a0trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0Dow Jones<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300\u00a0Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)<\/b> hay The Dow<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow Jones\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Charles Dow, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1896 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Edward Jones.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “The Dow”, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1\u00a0trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0Dow Jones<\/b>\u00a0(DJIA)<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 Dow Jones \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Blue-chip<\/b> v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng ty Walt Disney, T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Exxon Mobil v\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Microsoft. Khi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tin t\u01b0\u0301c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay” h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u00ea\u0300 chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 DJIA<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0Dow Jones<\/b> l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a My\u0303 sau chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 trung b\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Dow Jones. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Dow Jones \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 m\u01a1\u0309 r\u00f4\u0323ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf My\u0303.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow Jones ra m\u1eaft, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m 12 c\u00f4ng ty g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Dow ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, b\u00f4ng, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u00ea\u0323qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 la\u0300m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Dow v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh va\u0300 khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow th\u00e2\u0301p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf suy y\u00ea\u0301u.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, ca\u0301c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DJIA<\/b> c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf bi\u0323 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i ho\u1eb7c co\u0301 s\u1ef1 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng trong n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u1ebf khi ma\u0300 c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DJIA<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu cao h\u01a1n co\u0301 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u01b0\u0323 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tro\u0323ng s\u00f4\u0301 cao s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Thu\u01a1\u0309 ban \u0111\u00e2\u0300u, Charles Dow \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Dow v\u00e0 chia cho m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tr\u1eeb cho ch\u1ec9 s\u00f4\u0301, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 chia t\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh do m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DJIA<\/b>, m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u00ea\u0301t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u00f4\u0323t \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu n\u00e0o ta\u0323o tha\u0300nh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a, chia t\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, v.v.) thi\u0300 s\u1ed1 chia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a DJIA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ed1 chia hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1ed1 Wall v\u00e0 l\u00e0 0.14748071991788.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 chi\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 DJIA<\/b> l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho v\u1ed1n h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 S&P 500. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n , chia cho s\u1ed1 chia. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau.<\/p>\n

DJIA = T\u00f4\u0309ng gi\u00e1 ca\u0301c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n) \/ S\u1ed1 chia c\u1ee7a Dow<\/b><\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 theo th\u1eddi gian<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DJIA\u00a0<\/b>\u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 30 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 51 l\u1ea7n. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 ba th\u00e1ng sau khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u01a1\u0300i ky\u0300 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u0103m 1932, t\u00e1m c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu trong ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, C\u00f4ng ty Coca-Cola v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty Procter & Gamble \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1, hai c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu na\u0300y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Dow di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997 khi b\u1ed1n trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf. Hai n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Dow \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 6 , khi c\u00f4ng ty Walgreen Boots Alliance thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ty General Electric.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 DJIA<\/font><\/h3>\n
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Investopedia.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o DJIA k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Dow Jones (ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh: Dow Jones Industrial Average, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: DJIA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 theo d\u00f5i 30 c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng \u0111ang giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n New York (NYSE) v\u00e0 NASDAQ.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[417],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31544\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}