{"id":32021,"date":"2023-12-07T13:04:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T13:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/duong-co-so-quan-dao-archipelagic-baselines-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T09:40:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T02:40:37","slug":"duong-co-so-quan-dao-archipelagic-baselines-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/duong-co-so-quan-dao-archipelagic-baselines-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o (Archipelagic Baselines) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o (Archipelagic Baselines) (\u1ea2nh: researchgate)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o (Archipelagic Baselines)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Archipelagic Baselines<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o. (Theo United Nations<\/i>)\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o theo lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

1. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o xa nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 l\u00fac ch\u00ecm l\u00fac n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y bao l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai san h\u00f4, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1\/1 v\u00e0 9\/1.<\/p>\n

2. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 h\u1ea3i l\u00ed<\/span>; tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3% c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf bao quanh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 125 h\u1ea3i l\u00ed<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3. Tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch xa r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u1ebfn hay xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n l\u00fac ch\u00ecm l\u00fac n\u1ed5i, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00f4 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1ch h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hay v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

6. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ea3nh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf c\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

7. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m bao quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai san h\u00f4, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i hay m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 l\u00fac ch\u00ecm l\u00fac n\u1ed5i bao quanh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

8. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. B\u1ea3n k\u00ea t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

9. Qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00ed Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u. (Theo UNCLOS 1982<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Archipelagic Baselines) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32021"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32021\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}