{"id":32023,"date":"2023-12-07T13:04:33","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T13:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/duong-co-so-baseline-tren-bien-la-gi-cac-loai-duong-co-so.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T09:40:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T02:40:38","slug":"duong-co-so-baseline-tren-bien-la-gi-cac-loai-duong-co-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/duong-co-so-baseline-tren-bien-la-gi-cac-loai-duong-co-so.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Baseline) tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Baseline) (\u1ea2nh: mdpi)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Baseline)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Baseline<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1982<\/i>. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia. (Theo Marinegyaan.com<\/i>)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/font><\/h3>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 x\u00edch l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 hay \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m ven b\u1edd bao quanh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u00f4 ra bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. (Theo T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1982 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t ngay v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

– \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecdc theo ng\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong b\u1edd, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

– Tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 xa h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eaft li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n l\u00fac n\u1ed5i l\u00fac ch\u00ecm, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00f4 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

– Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, khi \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf <\/b>th\u1eb3ng do m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. (Theo UNCLOS 1982<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Baseline) l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32023\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}