{"id":32183,"date":"2023-12-07T13:13:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T13:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cong-uoc-lao-dong-hang-hai-maritime-labour-convention-mlc-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T09:43:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T02:43:48","slug":"cong-uoc-lao-dong-hang-hai-maritime-labour-convention-mlc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cong-uoc-lao-dong-hang-hai-maritime-labour-convention-mlc-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (Maritime Labour Convention – MLC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (Maritime Labour Convention – MLC) (\u1ea2nh: Office of the Watch)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (Maritime Labour Convention – MLC)<\/font><\/h2>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Maritime Labour Convention<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0MLC<\/b>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc MLC<\/i>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ILO. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc MLC<\/i> qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. (Theo Seafarers Rights International<\/i>)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc MLC<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

a) T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng;<\/p>\n

b) B\u00e3i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c;<\/p>\n

c) Th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em;<\/p>\n

d) B\u00e3i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ecdi thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ecdi thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

3. M\u1ecdi thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

4. M\u1ecdi thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean n\u00eau t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi<\/b><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft theo c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, theo d\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00ed<\/span> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

3. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.<\/p>\n

4. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd ki\u1ec3m tra, khi t\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf trong c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0u c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

6. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

7. M\u1ed7i Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec<\/span> qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc MLC<\/b> s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. (Theo Maritime Labour Convention, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Maritime Labour Convention, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: MLC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ILO.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32183"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32183\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}