{"id":32385,"date":"2023-12-07T13:26:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T13:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-dam-phan-uruguay-uruguay-round-la-gi-lich-su-va-qua-trinh-phat-trien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:12:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:12:05","slug":"vong-dam-phan-uruguay-uruguay-round-la-gi-lich-su-va-qua-trinh-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-dam-phan-uruguay-uruguay-round-la-gi-lich-su-va-qua-trinh-phat-trien.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay (Uruguay Round) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay (Uruguay Round) (Ngu\u1ed3n: Lutfur The Law’s Insect)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay (Uruguay Round)<\/font><\/h2>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Uruguay Round<\/b>.<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn 1994 v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi WTO.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3y n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i, g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, 125 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tham gia k\u00ed k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay <\/i>l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/font><\/h3>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/i><\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi GATT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/span> <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/1982 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean GATT \u1edf Geneva. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/i><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 9\/1986, t\u1ea1i Punta del Este (Uruguay) c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u00eam b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Hai n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/1988, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau \u1edf Montreal (Canada) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 trong hai n\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong b\u1ebf t\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p \u1edf Geneva.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf Montreal, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p l\u00ed<\/span> v\u00e0 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eb7p nhau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u1ea1i Brussels, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/1990. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean GATT kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/i><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Arthur Dunkel – ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch GATT th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf c\u1ea5p quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u1edf Geneva v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/1991. D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/1992, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 EU \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Blair House”.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/1993, “Quad” (Hoa K\u1ef3, EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Canada) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y 15\/4\/1994, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed<\/span> k\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft 125 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tham gia t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf ERICesh (Morocco).<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn, tr\u1ea3i qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, tuy nhi\u00ean V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay<\/span> <\/b>th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. (Theo\u00a0World Trade Organization – WTO<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n V\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Uruguay (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Uruguay Round) l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32385"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32385"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32385\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}