{"id":3302,"date":"2023-11-29T07:32:25","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3302"},"modified":"2023-11-29T10:01:06","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T10:01:06","slug":"truy-tim-nguyen-nhan-goc-cua-moi-van-de-voi-phuong-phap-5-whys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/truy-tim-nguyen-nhan-goc-cua-moi-van-de-voi-phuong-phap-5-whys.html","title":{"rendered":"Truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5 Whys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu khi\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<strong>nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c (root cause)<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.\u00a0<strong>Five Whys<\/strong>\u00a0(5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Five Whys: (i) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, (ii) trung th\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, (iii) quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m truy t\u00ecm t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Sakichi Toyoda cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Toyota.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=711&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=356&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 356w, https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=711&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 711w, https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=1067&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 1067w, https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=1422&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 1422w, https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=1778&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 1778w, https:\/\/blog.trginternational.com\/hs-fs\/hubfs\/images\/Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg?width=2133&amp;name=Big%20question%20in%20head.jpeg 2133w\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3i Quy\u1ebft V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Five Whys\" width=\"711\" \/><\/p>\n<h1>Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Five Whys<\/h1>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh Five-Whys s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0<strong>n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<strong>m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u1eb7t\u00a0<strong>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8220;t\u1ea1i sao&#8221; \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m: t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:\u00a0<strong>ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng flip chart ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ecfi th\u00eam l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t\u00a0<strong>4 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u2019\u2019<\/strong>, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh cho m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n &#8220;ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&#8221; c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 khi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8220;t\u1ea1i sao&#8221;\u00a0<strong>kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u00e0o.<\/strong>\u00a0(N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c.)<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u00a0<strong>mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8220;t\u1ea1i sao&#8221; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0<strong>lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h1>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch Jeff Bezos \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Five Whys<\/h1>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t Trung t\u00e2m x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Amazon.com, t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa\u00a0<strong>Jeff Bezos<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e3y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n tay. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Five Whys.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a anh ta b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a anh b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1edfi v\u00ec anh ta \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1i t\u00fai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao anh ta \u0111u\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1edfi v\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00fai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 bang chuy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao t\u00fai c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1edfi v\u00ec anh ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0<strong>nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 anh ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n. V\u00ec xung quanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n n\u00e0o v\u00e0 anh ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n t\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Amazon.com c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu khi\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c (root cause)\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.\u00a0Five Whys\u00a0(5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3302"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3302\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}