{"id":33050,"date":"2023-12-08T02:15:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hiep-dinh-chung-ve-thue-quan-va-thuong-mai-gatt-94-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:14:43","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:14:43","slug":"hiep-dinh-chung-ve-thue-quan-va-thuong-mai-gatt-94-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hiep-dinh-chung-ve-thue-quan-va-thuong-mai-gatt-94-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (GATT-94) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT-94) (Ngu\u1ed3n: Study)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT-94)<\/font><\/b><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u00a0General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0GATT-94<\/b>.
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Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/i>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GATT-94 <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ba c\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GATT-94 <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– Danh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00eau cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GATT-94 <\/i>bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00f3i chung, v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch thu\u1ebf quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. (Theo\u00a0World Trade Organization – WTO<\/i>)<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GATT-94<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1i hu\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c (Most Favoured Nation – MFN)<\/b><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1i hu\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c\u00a0l\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia trong quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf – th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho nhau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1i hu\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean khi c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia (National Treatment – NT)<\/b><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0l\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n (Bindding Tariffs)<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng barem v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n.\u00a0M\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0
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Theo hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh GATT-94<\/b>, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thu\u1ebf quan trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1\/1\/1995. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 40%, t\u1eeb trung b\u00ecnh 6,3% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3,8%. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 20% l\u00ean 44%. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: GATT-94) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ba c\u1ea5p.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33050\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}