{"id":33142,"date":"2023-12-08T02:19:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gioi-han-trach-nhiem-limit-of-liability-cua-nguoi-chuyen-cho-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:18:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:18:00","slug":"gioi-han-trach-nhiem-limit-of-liability-cua-nguoi-chuyen-cho-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gioi-han-trach-nhiem-limit-of-liability-cua-nguoi-chuyen-cho-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (Limit of Liability) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (Limit of Liability) (Ngu\u1ed3n: PCB)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (Limit of Liability)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u00a0Limit of Liability<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 khi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c k\u00ea khai v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n hay ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau theo t\u1eebng qui <\/span>t\u1eafc. (Theo Logistics Glossary<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf<\/font><\/h3>\n

Theo qui <\/span>t\u1eafc Hague<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00e0u trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u01b0<\/span> h\u1ecfng, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 b\u1ea3ng Anh (GBP) cho 1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, tr\u1eeb khi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng k\u00ea khai v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c k\u00ea kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u00ec ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng (n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m) 100 GBP\/ ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1924, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3ng Anh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> l\u00ean 200 GBP, n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1936 (Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1936) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean 500 USD\/ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh c\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Theo qui <\/span>t\u1eafc Hague – Visby<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0<\/span> Visby 1968 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u00ean 10.000 Fr v\u00e0ng\/ ki\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c 30 Fr v\u00e0ng\/kg h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3 b\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n (1 Fr = 65,5 mg v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t 900\/1.000).
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N\u0103m 1979 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0<\/span> SDR \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i qui <\/span>t\u1eafc Hague-Visby.<\/p>\n

Trong ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0<\/span> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng SDR (Special Drwing Right) c\u1ee7a\u00a0Qu\u0129 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF)\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 666,67 SDR\/ki\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c 2 SDR \/kg h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3 b\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Qu\u0129<\/span> Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo qui t\u1eafc\u00a0Hamburg<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf theo qui <\/span>t\u1eafc Hamburg \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi 2 qui <\/span>t\u1eafc tr\u00ean: 835 SDR\/ki\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ho\u1eb7c 2,5 SDR\/kg h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3 b\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a IMF ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng SDR th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m <\/i>theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (Monetary Unit – MU) v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 12.500 MU\/ki\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c 37,5 MU\/kg h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3 b\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, h\u01b0<\/span> h\u1ecfng (1 MU t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 65,5 mg v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t 900\/1.000).
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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm giao h\u00e0ng th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/b> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 2,5 l\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng giao ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0<\/span>ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, NXB Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Limit of Liability) l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33142"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33142"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33142\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}