{"id":33179,"date":"2023-12-08T02:20:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/luong-giam-tu-nhien-normal-loss-cua-hang-hoa-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:18:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:18:11","slug":"luong-giam-tu-nhien-normal-loss-cua-hang-hoa-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/luong-giam-tu-nhien-normal-loss-cua-hang-hoa-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Normal Loss) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Normal Loss) (Ngu\u1ed3n: ytimg<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Normal Loss)<\/font><\/h2>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u00a0Normal Loss <\/b>ho\u1eb7c Natural Loss<\/b>.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> (hay hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i>) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt) v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

1. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0<\/span>: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp d\u1ee1, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i …\u00a0<\/p>\n

2. Bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u bao b\u00ec.\u00a0<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng nh\u01b0<\/span> nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed… \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng, l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean <\/i>trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p (t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/font><\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 do b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc do b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3u ch\u00fang. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i li\u00ean quan m\u00e2tk thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, bao b\u00ec, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0<\/span>: rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1i, x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng do r\u01a1i v\u00e3i<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, h\u00e0ng l\u1ecfng, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1ng… b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng do b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e3i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra r\u01a1i v\u00e3i l\u00e0 do: bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng bao b\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, do khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 b\u1ecb x\u00f4, b\u1ecb l\u1eafc, b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng …<\/p>\n

\u1ede Li\u00ean bang Nga, l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng (c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 0,1% – 3,4% so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1i nh\u01b0<\/span>: su h\u00e0o, b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i, h\u00e0nh t\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1i th\u00ec t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0: 3,30%; mu\u1ed1i h\u1ea1t: 3,0%. Khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9t m\u00ec, n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbi 1000 km, t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0: 0,1%; kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb 1000 – 2000 km: 0,15% v\u00e0 c\u1ef1 li tr\u00ean 2000 km l\u00e0 0,20%. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u0103ng A72 t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c theo m\u00f9a: m\u00f9a h\u00e8: 0,84%; m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng: 0,42%.<\/p>\n

Hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng tr\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi ng\u1edd do bi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 (tham \u00f4) h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0<\/span>\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qui \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> th\u00ec m\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0<\/span>a c\u00f3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 trong H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 hao h\u1ee5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed ng\u01b0<\/span>\u1eddi \u0111i \u00e1p t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, NXB Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Normal Loss) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33179"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33179\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}