{"id":3320,"date":"2023-11-29T07:41:25","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3320"},"modified":"2023-12-14T13:55:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T13:55:56","slug":"phuong-phap-giang-day-hieu-qua-tren-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-giang-day-hieu-qua-tren-gioi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y\u00a0c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nghe gi\u1ea3ng sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0(Project Based Learning)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, mang t\u00ednh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean\u00a0h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong l\u1edbp trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 nghe\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u00a0n\u00f3i sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy.<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa, h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean\u00a0trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i\u00a0l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>* Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>+ X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>+ X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>+ Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>+ Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m\u00a0(Learner \u2013 Centered)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc: \u201d Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00f3i, h\u1ecdc sinh nghe\u201d, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qua l\u1ea1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 tham gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc: Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m v\u0103n ho\u00e1, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc: Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy linh ho\u1ea1t. Qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>+ M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc: B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u01a1 s\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0(Brainstorming).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Brainstorming (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng) l\u00e0 Alex Osborn (Hoa K\u1ef3). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy theo l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:+ T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0a ra: Khi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ngay. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u1ef1 do suy ngh\u0129: Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng bay b\u1ed5ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, g\u00f3p \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? C\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?\u2026<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: T\u1eadp trung suy ngh\u0129 khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 hai l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, c\u0169, \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 hai c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a David A. Kolb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (Ideas Management), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 6 chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n t\u01b0 duy ( Six Thinking Hats)\u2026.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t: ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, \u2026 Trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y\u00a0c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ee7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[186],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3320"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3320\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}