{"id":33394,"date":"2023-12-08T02:28:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/co-so-ha-tang-khoa-cong-cong-a-public-key-infrastructure-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:28:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:28:44","slug":"co-so-ha-tang-khoa-cong-cong-a-public-key-infrastructure-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/co-so-ha-tang-khoa-cong-cong-a-public-key-infrastructure-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (A public key infrastructure) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: thesslstore)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/b> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng PKI<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0A public key infrastructure (PKI).<\/b><\/p>\n

PKI<\/b> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi g\u1eedi \u0111i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng qua Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

PKI b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (digital certificate) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 kho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/font><\/h3>\n

S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn PKI ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1995, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/b> (Public Key cryptography) b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public key) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ch\u00eca c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Private key) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Hai ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, sao cho m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 Bob, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p g\u1eedi \u0111i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Alice. Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, Alice s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PKI. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u00fang\u00a0trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/b> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 “d\u00e1n tem” x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef k\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a hay ch\u01b0a, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn PKI.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

PKI ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/font><\/h3>\n

Bob v\u00e0 Alice mu\u1ed1n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau qua Internet, d\u00f9ng PKI \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Bob \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng Alice th\u00ec ch\u01b0a. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3, c\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Alice.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Alice \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng qua, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Alice.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng Alice, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef k\u00ed k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. Alice c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n k\u00e8m theo ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec Alice \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, Bob c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho c\u00f4 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a. Bob c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb anh ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Alice \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Bob t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Bob \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Alice \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi Alice nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00ed c\u1ee7a Bob, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Alice m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Bob x\u00e1c minh ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Bob \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n..<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p, 2008, NXB Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Kinh doanh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: A public key infrastructure) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi g\u1eedi \u0111i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng qua Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33394\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}