{"id":33590,"date":"2023-12-08T02:36:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ti-le-trao-doi-terms-of-trade-tot-la-gi-cac-yeu-to-anh-huong-den-tot.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T11:39:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T04:39:18","slug":"ti-le-trao-doi-terms-of-trade-tot-la-gi-cac-yeu-to-anh-huong-den-tot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ti-le-trao-doi-terms-of-trade-tot-la-gi-cac-yeu-to-anh-huong-den-tot.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i (Terms of Trade – TOT) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TOT"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Investopedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Terms of trade<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TOT<\/b>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> (TOT)<\/b> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u? T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi 100.<\/p>\n

Khi ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc do nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00ec TOT c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 100%. Khi TOT l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 100%, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chi cho nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

TOT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TOT v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o TOT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong TOT c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong khi gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c TOT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/font><\/h3>\n

TOT ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TOT, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang t\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm<\/b>: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/b> c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TOT.\u00a0H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0N\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua th\u00eam h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua th\u00eam h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n khi TOT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t l\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng TOT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Khi TOT t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1n c\u00e2n thanh to\u00e1n (BOP).<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u khi TOT c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft Prebisch-Singer n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng TOT gi\u1ea3m v\u00ec gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Terms of Trade, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: TOT) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33590"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33590\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}