{"id":33763,"date":"2023-12-08T02:43:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T02:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/he-thong-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-tap-trung-centrally-planned-economy-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T12:50:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T05:50:54","slug":"he-thong-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-tap-trung-centrally-planned-economy-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/he-thong-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-tap-trung-centrally-planned-economy-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung (Centrally planned economy) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: pinterest)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 centrally planned economy\u00a0<\/b>hay\u00a0command\u00a0economy.
<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung<\/b> la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 trong \u0111o\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0301t \u0111ai, nha\u0300 xu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng va\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c kinh t\u00ea\u0301 kha\u0301c cu\u0309a qu\u00f4\u0301c gia la\u0300 thu\u1ecd\u0302c s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u Nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n g\u00e2\u0300n nhu\u031b t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ca\u0301c quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh lie\u0302n quan t\u01a1\u0301i kinh t\u00ea\u0301 bao g\u00f4\u0300m: Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t nhu\u031b th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o, sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0301i gi\u0300, sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t cho ai, gia\u0301 ca\u0309 cu\u0309a sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m, cu\u0309a lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng va\u0300 cu\u0309a v\u00f4\u0301n la\u0300 nhu\u031b th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecd\u0302t n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung Chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c coi la\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ra quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh cao nh\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 t\u00f4\u0301t ho\u031bn b\u00e2\u0301t k\u00ec m\u1ecd\u0302t nha\u0300 kinh doanh hay ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng na\u0300o trong vi\u1eb9\u0302c pha\u0302n b\u00f4\u0309 ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy tho\u00e1i<\/font><\/h3>\n

Va\u0300o cu\u00f4\u0301i th\u1ea1\u0302p k\u1ec9<\/span> 80 cu\u0309a th\u00ea\u0301 k\u1ec9<\/span> XX s\u01b0\u0323 suy thoa\u0301i cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u1eb9\u0302n. Ca\u0301c nha\u0300 khoa ho\u0323c cho r\u0103\u0300ng s\u01b0\u0323 suy thoa\u0301i cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung la\u0300 b\u01a1\u0309i s\u01b0\u0323 k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p cu\u0309a b\u00f4\u0301n nguye\u0302n nha\u0302n chi\u0301nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– Kho\u0302ng ta\u0323o l\u1ea1\u0302p \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c gia\u0301 tri\u0323 kinh t\u00ea\u0301: <\/b>ca\u0301c nha\u0300 l\u1ea1\u0302p k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch trong n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung i\u0301t quan ta\u0302m t\u01a1\u0301i vi\u1eb9\u0302c sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t nh\u01b0\u0303ng ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a va\u0300 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 co\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c chi phi\u0301 t\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ho\u0323 kho\u0302ng nh\u1ea1\u0302n th\u00e2\u0301y r\u0103\u0300ng vi\u1eb9\u0302c ta\u0323o ra gia\u0301 tri\u0323 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 cho kha\u0301ch ha\u0300ng va\u0300 tho\u0309a ma\u0303n nhu c\u00e2\u0300u ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng la\u0300 co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 cu\u0309a s\u01b0\u0323 tha\u0300nh co\u0302ng trong ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

– Kho\u0302ng ta\u0323o ra \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng l\u01b0\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n:<\/b> Khi chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u h\u00e2\u0300u h\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c kinh t\u00ea\u0301 se\u0303 la\u0300m suy gia\u0309m nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng l\u01b0\u0323c cho vi\u1eb9\u0302c t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a ho\u0301a l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch thu \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Co\u0301 r\u00e2\u0301t i\u0301t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng l\u01b0\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 m\u01a1\u0301i, sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m m\u01a1\u0301i, phu\u031bo\u031bng th\u01b0\u0301c sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t m\u01a1\u0301i… K\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 la\u0300 i\u0301t ho\u1ea1\u0306c kho\u0302ng co\u0301 ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c s\u00f4\u0301ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng luo\u0302n bi\u0323 duy tri\u0300 trong ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng th\u00e2\u0301p.<\/p>\n

– Kho\u0302ng \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c m\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n nhu\u031b mong mu\u00f4\u0301n: <\/b>S\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 cao \u0111a\u0301ng kinh nga\u0323c cu\u0309a b\u00f4\u0301n “con r\u00f4\u0300ng” Cha\u0302u A\u0301 (H\u00f4\u0300ng Ko\u0302ng, Singapore, Ha\u0300n Qu\u00f4\u0301c, va\u0300 \u0110a\u0300i Loan) \u0111a\u0303 th\u01b0\u0301c ti\u0309nh ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia ch\u1ea1\u0302m pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ho\u0323 nh\u1ea1\u0302n ra r\u0103\u0300ng, m\u1ecd\u0302t h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 d\u01b0\u0323a tre\u0302n s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u tu\u031b nha\u0302n co\u0301 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y s\u01b0\u0323 ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng t\u00f4\u0301t ho\u031bn la\u0300 d\u01b0\u0323a va\u0300o n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung.<\/p>\n

– Kho\u0302ng tho\u0309a ma\u0303n nhu c\u00e2\u0300u ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng: <\/b>Th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 cho th\u00e2\u0301y, ta\u0323i nhi\u00ea\u0300u n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung, m\u01b0\u0301c s\u00f4\u0301ng cu\u0309a ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 bi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0323t xu\u00f4\u0301ng th\u00e2\u0301p ho\u031bn nhi\u00ea\u0300u so v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia trong n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1\u0306c du\u0300 v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t nguye\u0302n l\u00ed, kinh t\u00ea\u0301 k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch ho\u0301a t\u1ea1\u0302p trung v\u01a1\u0301i mu\u0323c tie\u0302u la\u0300 ta\u0323o ra m\u1ecd\u0302t h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng co\u0302ng b\u0103\u0300ng ho\u031bn \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh pha\u0302n chia cu\u0309a ca\u0309i nhu\u031bng h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 kho\u0302ng cung c\u00e2\u0301p \u0111u\u0309 ngay ca\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m thi\u00ea\u0301t y\u00ea\u0301u nhu\u031b th\u01b0\u0323c ph\u00e2\u0309m, ca\u0301c di\u0323ch vu\u0323 co\u0302ng c\u1ecd\u0302ng, nha\u0300 \u01a1\u0309 ho\u1ea1\u0306c nh\u01b0\u0303ng sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m phu\u0323c vu\u0323 cho nhu c\u00e2\u0300u cu\u1ecd\u0302c s\u00f4\u0301ng ha\u0300ng nga\u0300y.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Kinh doanh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb xa, \u0110H Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Centrally planned economy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33763"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33763"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67707,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33763\/revisions\/67707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}