{"id":3489,"date":"2023-11-29T19:46:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T19:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3489"},"modified":"2023-12-14T13:57:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T13:57:41","slug":"nao-la-nha-lanh-dao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nao-la-nha-lanh-dao.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cNh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d hay b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cnh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111ang b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, hay ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o: \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng \u00edt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Cho n\u00ean, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cnh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n

D\u00f9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0T\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo Stogdill (1974), nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch , c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, quan h\u1ec7, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

House (2004) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecd tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Theo Maxwell th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

– Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed , t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, vua, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, cha x\u1ee9, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng, cha m\u1eb9 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc… C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o: nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, nghi th\u1ee9c, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e2t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n

Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m…C\u00e0ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ec1n l\u1eddi cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u2026<\/p>\n

Khi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u00eap th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111i theo m\u00ecnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ef1c thi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cNh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d hay b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd: Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng”, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “\u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng”, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 “b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn”, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ea1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 hai vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, John Maxwell, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p: Ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ra \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ty cho m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n

Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn:\u00a0l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u, ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh dung ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng:\u00a0Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i kh\u01a1i d\u1eady v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111i theo v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t. Truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo m\u00ecnh. Khi thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. V\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng:\u00a0Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, John G. Maxwell n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ra. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f2n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i theo m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung, duy tr\u00ec, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Theo Lim v\u00e0 Daft (2004), nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u coi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Bass (c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 & 1990) \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch (Trait Theory) cho r\u1eb1ng: Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Ralph Stogdill \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cNh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00e1m m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, s\u1eb3n l\u00f2ng tha th\u1ee9\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i c\u0169 c\u00e1i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin cho m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Peter Drucker, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo b\u1ea1n. T\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tin ch\u1eafc nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ta\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 1.300 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ea5p cao cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t, 71% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd s\u1ed1ng hai m\u1eb7t, hay gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kia. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, suy ngh\u0129 logic v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u201chi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Martin Linsky, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Cambridge Leadership Associates \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Harvard, cho bi\u1ebft: \u201ck\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong kinh doanh. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 do h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2026 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m.M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ecfi, v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u2026c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cNh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d hay b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cnh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d \u0111ang b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3489"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}