{"id":34993,"date":"2023-12-08T07:46:04","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T07:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dap-dam-la-gi-dau-tu-xay-dung-cong-trinh-dap.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T20:58:25","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T13:58:25","slug":"dap-dam-la-gi-dau-tu-xay-dung-cong-trinh-dap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dap-dam-la-gi-dau-tu-xay-dung-cong-trinh-dap.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eadp (Dam) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0110\u1eadp (Dam) (\u1ea2nh: Institution of Civil Engineers)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1eadp (Dam)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1eadp<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Dam<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eadp <\/i>l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u1edbi cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n hoang m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c qui <\/span>tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eadp<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 d\u00e2ng cao do b\u00e3o l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e0 lan v\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111i l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eadp c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ed3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u00e1. (Theo Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u1ed1: 72\/2007\/N\u0110-CP<\/i> qui \u0111\u1ecbnh: “\u0110\u1eadp<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/p>\n

a) T\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/p>\n

b) \u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u0169, gi\u1ea3m ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t cho v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du;<\/p>\n

c) T\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.”<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eadp<\/font><\/h3>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung<\/b><\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qui <\/span>ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i;<\/p>\n

b) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh;<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/p>\n

d) \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00e9p k\u00edn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i;<\/p>\n

\u0111) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh;<\/p>\n

e) B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u0169, ch\u1ed1ng l\u0169 an to\u00e0n;<\/p>\n

g) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/b><\/p>\n

a) Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eadp, \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eadp khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng;<\/p>\n

b) Qui <\/span>tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1eeda van, qui <\/span>tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0n giao cho ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u1eadp<\/span> khi b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c;<\/p>\n

c) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00e0n x\u1ea3 l\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadp<\/span> c\u00f3 c\u1eeda van \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh;\u00a0thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o an to\u00e0n\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du\u00a0\u0111\u1eadp;<\/p>\n

d) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadp<\/span> l\u1edbn c\u00f3 tr\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o an to\u00e0n\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du\u00a0\u0111\u1eadp<\/b>. (Theo Lu\u1eadt Th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i <\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u1eadp (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Dam) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68224,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34993\/revisions\/68224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}