{"id":35003,"date":"2023-12-08T07:46:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T07:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nuoc-ngam-groundwater-la-gi-tham-do-khai-thac-nuoc-ngam.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T20:58:34","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T13:58:34","slug":"nuoc-ngam-groundwater-la-gi-tham-do-khai-thac-nuoc-ngam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nuoc-ngam-groundwater-la-gi-tham-do-khai-thac-nuoc-ngam.html","title":{"rendered":"N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (Groundwater) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (Groundwater) (\u1ea2nh: Byju)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (Groundwater)<\/font><\/h2>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m <\/b>– danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Groundwater<\/b>.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/i> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span>, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. (Theo National Ground Water Association<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/font><\/h3>\n

1. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u0103m d\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

3. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o qui <\/span>ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u0103m d\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui <\/span>\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

4. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a) Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/p>\n

b) Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c;<\/p>\n

c) Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee5t, l\u00fan \u0111\u1ea5t, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, gia t\u0103ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>;<\/p>\n

d) Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed<\/span> b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/p>\n

\u0111) Khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, khu, c\u1ee5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung, l\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

5. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

a) H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khai th\u00e1c;<\/p>\n

b) H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi gian khai th\u00e1c;<\/p>\n

c) H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/font><\/h3>\n

1. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>; h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 khoan n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>; khoan kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed; x\u1eed l\u00ed<\/span> n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, th\u00e1o kh\u00f4 m\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoan, \u0111\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>, tr\u00e1m l\u1ea5p gi\u1ebfng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xong ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ng\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, qui <\/span>chu\u1ea9n k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng suy tho\u00e1i, c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span>.<\/p>\n

3. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/span> b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i khoanh v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m, v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Groundwater) l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35003"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35003"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68228,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35003\/revisions\/68228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}