{"id":35052,"date":"2023-12-08T07:49:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T07:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mat-cat-ngang-cross-section-cua-duong-do-thi-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T20:58:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T13:58:37","slug":"mat-cat-ngang-cross-section-cua-duong-do-thi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mat-cat-ngang-cross-section-cua-duong-do-thi-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang (Cross Section) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang (Cross Section) (\u1ea2nh: Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang (Cross Section)<\/font><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang <\/b>– danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Cross Section<\/b>.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y, h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch (ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ngo\u00e0i), ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, c\u00e1c l\u00e0n xe ph\u1ee5…\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y, tuy\u00a0<\/span>nhi\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 qui <\/span>m\u00f4 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang<\/i> \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. (Theo\u00a0Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u1ed1: 22\/2007\/Q\u0110-BXD<\/i>)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y<\/b><\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u00e0n xe c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n xe ph\u1ee5 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c l\u00e0n xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i hay t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung hay d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, t\u0103ng an to\u00e0n ch\u1ea1y xe, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed7 xe kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi duy\u00a0<\/span>tu s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\u2026<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m 2 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng giao th\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ngo\u00e0i: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e1ch xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi xe th\u00f4 s\u01a1, t\u00e1ch xe chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe kh\u00e1c.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecf. H\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0: b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e2y xanh, c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o\u2026 B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u00e8 \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a. H\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ed1, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e8 \u0111i b\u1ed9<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e8 \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean h\u00e8. H\u00e8 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang<\/i> ph\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u1edf 2 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u00f3 v\u1ec9a<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00f3 v\u1ec9a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp cao \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. B\u00f3 v\u1ec9a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf m\u00e9p h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng… (Theo\u00a0TCXDVN 104 : 2007<\/i>)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Cross Section) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n xe ch\u1ea1y, l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35052"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35052"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68252,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35052\/revisions\/68252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}