{"id":35450,"date":"2023-12-08T08:10:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T08:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-vi-tri-trung-tam-central-place-theory-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T21:00:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T14:00:13","slug":"li-thuyet-vi-tri-trung-tam-central-place-theory-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-vi-tri-trung-tam-central-place-theory-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m (Central Place Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: worldatlas)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m (Central Place Theory)<\/font><\/h2>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Central Place Theory<\/b>.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quan h\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng bao quanh ch\u00fang theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0(Theo\u00a0L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/i>)<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/i> b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Walter Christaller khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n chung nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb chung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c. V\u00f9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chi tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qui m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng gian kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/i>,\u00a0Walter Christaller \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00f9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o 2 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi xa nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m mua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 2 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng” (threshold) <\/i>v\u00e0 “ph\u1ea1m vi” (range<\/i>), m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m<\/font><\/h3>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n

Walter Christaller \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 7 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m (\u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0) theo h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.\u00a0
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Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qui ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qui ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b><\/p>\n

Hai ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb b\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan h\u1ec7: th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, giao th\u00f4ng, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm. Khi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trong qui lu\u1eadt th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay (s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, qui lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u…) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u00a0(Theo\u00a0L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Central Place Theory) l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 “\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp” ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed Walter Christaller (1933) v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc August L\u00f6sch (1939).\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68438,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35450\/revisions\/68438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}