{"id":35514,"date":"2023-12-08T08:13:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T08:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-hoach-do-thi-urban-planning-la-gi-lich-su-phat-trien-cua-qui-hoach-do-thi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T21:00:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T14:00:18","slug":"qui-hoach-do-thi-urban-planning-la-gi-lich-su-phat-trien-cua-qui-hoach-do-thi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-hoach-do-thi-urban-planning-la-gi-lich-su-phat-trien-cua-qui-hoach-do-thi.html","title":{"rendered":"Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (Urban Planning) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Unplash).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (Urban Planning)<\/b><\/font><\/span><\/h2>\n

Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 urban planning<\/b>, city planning<\/b> ho\u1eb7c urban schemes<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Theo Lu\u1eadt Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u0103m 2009<\/i>, \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao; l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1; c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

“Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/b> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.”<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n

V\u1eady qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Qui ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. (Theo\u00a0American Planning Association, www.planning.org<\/i>)<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u chung l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/font><\/h3>\n

Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai qu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ai C\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, Nam v\u00e0 Trung M\u1ef9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qui ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. T\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, hay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh khi\u1ebfn cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed,\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qui ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/b>. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec<\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. (Theo\u00a0Fainstein, Susan S.\u00a0Urban planning, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Urban Planning) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u1ea3nh quan, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35514"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68467,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35514\/revisions\/68467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}