{"id":35531,"date":"2023-12-08T08:14:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T08:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-tang-xa-hoi-social-stratification-o-do-thi-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T21:00:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T14:00:32","slug":"phan-tang-xa-hoi-social-stratification-o-do-thi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-tang-xa-hoi-social-stratification-o-do-thi-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social Stratification) \u1edf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: SlideShare)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social Stratification)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/b>– danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u00a0Social Stratification<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e9t t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng ngang nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c “t\u1ea7ng”, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\/v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 phong th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c “th\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng” v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/i>)<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 SES) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 uy t\u00edn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ba ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng uy t\u00edn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00ecn chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng, uy t\u00edn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ba tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c thang b\u1eadc v\u1ecb th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng: theo t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, thu nh\u1eadp, theo quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 theo uy t\u00edn. Trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ri\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/b>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Social Stratification) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35531"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35531"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68475,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35531\/revisions\/68475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}