{"id":35805,"date":"2023-12-08T11:03:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tac-pham-work-la-gi-dac-diem-cua-tac-pham.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T21:01:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T14:01:11","slug":"tac-pham-work-la-gi-dac-diem-cua-tac-pham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tac-pham-work-la-gi-dac-diem-cua-tac-pham.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (Work) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda: T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (Ngu\u1ed3n: wiseGEEK).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (Work)<\/font><\/h2>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b> – danh t\u1eeb, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 work<\/b>, composition<\/b>, creation<\/b> ho\u1eb7c product<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/i>, “T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o”.<\/p>\n

Qui \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Berne<\/i>: “Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/i>v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt” bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch, t\u1eadp in nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u;…”<\/p>\n

“T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\/nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.” (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u00e3o, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>. S\u1ef1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong quan ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n. Th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhu\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf – th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c mang \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Berne <\/i>v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 <\/i>qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> g\u1ed1c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/i>g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> g\u1ed1c trong t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n “ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang” do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sao ch\u00e9p, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> sao ch\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/i>g\u1ed1c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo Lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 <\/i>th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sinh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i dung, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hay ch\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed hay ch\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>. “C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang” l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>, trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i>.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft\/c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc… tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y\/c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. (Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Work) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m – v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 – th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[421],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35805"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68564,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35805\/revisions\/68564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}