{"id":35991,"date":"2023-12-08T11:35:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-chan-li-ao-tuong-illusory-truth-effect-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T21:01:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-23T14:01:36","slug":"hieu-ung-chan-li-ao-tuong-illusory-truth-effect-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-chan-li-ao-tuong-illusory-truth-effect-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusory truth effect) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-body vceditor-content wi-active\" data-role=\"content\">\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Research Digest<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><font style=\"line-height: 22px;font-size: 22px\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusory truth effect)<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 <b>illusory truth effect<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Theo <i>hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tin m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0<\/b>l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c khi ch\u00fang ta nghe th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta nghe th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u nghe \u0111i nghe l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng) th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi nghe l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3><font style=\"line-height: 22px;font-size: 22px\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/font><\/h3>\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977, nh\u00f3m ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Hasher, Goldstein v\u00e0 Toppino \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a 60 c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u00ed (nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: &#8220;B\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n thi Olympics v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1925.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ba l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch nhau hai tu\u1ea7n. 20 c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n (c\u1ea3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang l\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh sai) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3><font style=\"line-height: 22px;font-size: 22px\" color=\"#3d85c6\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/font><\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang sai c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, ta v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><i>Cronley, Kardes v\u00e0 Hawkins (2006)<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n l\u00ed tr\u00ed, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, t\u01b0 duy logic hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ta b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n hay th\u1eed tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1y l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00f3ng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua ti vi, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eadt ra ngay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi &#8220;c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang&#8221; c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><i>(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Decision Lab, Illusory Truth Effect; Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chim m\u1ed3i, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-sapo\" data-role=\"sapo\">\n                            Theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: illusory truth effect) con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tin m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[422],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35991"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35991"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68642,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35991\/revisions\/68642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}