{"id":37255,"date":"2023-12-08T23:30:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kanban-giai-thich-chi-tiet-ve-lead-time-va-cycle-time.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:45:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:45:51","slug":"kanban-giai-thich-chi-tiet-ve-lead-time-va-cycle-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kanban-giai-thich-chi-tiet-ve-lead-time-va-cycle-time.html","title":{"rendered":"Kanban: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kanban”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00e0y, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Lead Time l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a cho c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Lead Time<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lead Time l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Lead Time t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Lead Time trung b\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kanban s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Lead Time s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cycle Time l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng Kanban c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Cycle Time<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cycle Time b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khi m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201c\u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3.<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 John Little (Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i MIT) \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec Cycle Time h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.\u00a0V\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Little\u201d (Little\u2019s law) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Cycle Time c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cycle Time = L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh (Work in Progress) \/ Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Throughput)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Work in Progress<\/em> (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 WIP)<\/u> l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Throughput<\/em><\/u> l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong 1 Iteration \/ Sprint k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 tu\u1ea7n, nh\u00f3m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec throughput c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 20.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time trong Kanban?<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u00edch l\u0169y (Cumulative flow diagram – CFD). Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y theo d\u00f5i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
      \n
    • \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Lead Time<\/em><\/u>, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh CFD c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t “Ready to Start – S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m” (c\u1ed9t ch\u1edd l\u00e0m) tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng Kanban.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Cycle time<\/em><\/u>, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh CFD c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t \u201cIn Progress – \u0110ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh\u201d (c\u1ed9t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u00edch l\u0169y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Lead time and Cycle time trung b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

      L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time?<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ch\u1edd (Ready to Start) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa Lead time v\u00e0 Cycle. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n Cycle Time (Cycle time scatter) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t (Heat map).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n Cycle Time (Cycle time scatter)<\/em><\/u>: s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Cycle time c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai – B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t (Heat map)<\/em><\/u>: s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n

          <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
          \n

          Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n

            Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/em>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/kanbanize.com<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/p>\n

            <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            Kanban – Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Lead Time v\u00e0 Cycle Time trong Kanban l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi qua b\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37255"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37255"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69061,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37255\/revisions\/69061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}