{"id":37287,"date":"2023-12-08T23:31:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lua-chon-phuong-phap-quan-ly-du-an-cntt-phu-hop-bai-hoc-tu-lich-su.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:45:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:45:55","slug":"lua-chon-phuong-phap-quan-ly-du-an-cntt-phu-hop-bai-hoc-tu-lich-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lua-chon-phuong-phap-quan-ly-du-an-cntt-phu-hop-bai-hoc-tu-lich-su.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CNTT ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0… h\u01a1n, uhm \u00fd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n… ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT \u2013 IT) ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Prototyping<\/b><\/h2>\n
\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, prototyping \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra – v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (proof-of-concept)”, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\/c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, prototyping s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf; qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u2013 cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (cloud) \u2013 th\u00ec prototyping v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Prototyping \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
    \n
  1. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (khi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n)<\/li>\n
  3. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Prototyping KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
      \n
    1. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/li>\n
    2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n
    3. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n

      Waterfall<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (waterfall) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 70 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p waterfall \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb do c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, waterfall v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m .<\/p>\n

      D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u> thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng> th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m> tri\u1ec3n khai), waterfall \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo. Waterfall c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

      D\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, waterfall v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CNTT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2013 c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n “m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn” trong l\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 waterfall c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

      C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi waterfall c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c protoyping trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u00f4 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

      Waterfall \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u00f4 s\u01a1, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c)<\/li>\n
      2. Nh\u00f3m \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi<\/li>\n
      3. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Waterfall KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi chia th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n
        2. N\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn<\/li>\n
        3. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn “Agile”. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi agile th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Toyota b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Toyota\u201d \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (lean) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Lean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh chung, lan r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c khi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Toyota \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

          L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tinh g\u1ecdn – m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u01a1n – \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cchuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p tinh g\u1ecdn. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Lean nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

          \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CNTT \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1995 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 web ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang web, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i code nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Internet – v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 waterfall nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

          Chu k\u1ef3 code – th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m – tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn trong cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          Kanban<\/b><\/h2>\n

          C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kanban l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng kanban, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00f3m h\u00ecnh dung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. B\u1ea3ng Kanban r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 (thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb xa) v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00f4 t\u00f4. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, kanban c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a “Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Toyota”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Microsoft.<\/p>\n

          \n

          H\u00ecnh 1: Kanban Board. C\u1ee7a Andy Carmichael – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

          Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p agile kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kanban l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh doanh. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kanban tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

          Kanban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
          2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n
          3. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh doanh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Kanban KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/li>\n
            2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
            3. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n

              Scrum<\/b><\/h2>\n

              Scrum c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cscrum\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o Harvard Business Review n\u0103m 1986 c\u1ee7a Hirotaka Takeuchi v\u00e0 Ikujiro Nonaka. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 mang qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2n\u201d, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ken Schwaber v\u00e0 Jeff Sutherland \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Scrum v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Scrum Alliance v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002.<\/p>\n

              \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a scrum bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Scrum c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hai tu\u1ea7n – v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho Scrum Master v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, scrum kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              Scrum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m cho t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 v\u1edbi Scrum Master l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 11<\/li>\n
              2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi \u00edt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/li>\n
              3. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Scrum KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/li>\n
                2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n
                3. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Scrum t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/div>\n

                  SAFe<\/b><\/h2>\n

                  Scaled Agile Framework, hay SAFe, ra \u0111\u1eddi khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh agile tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m. Ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, SAFe c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy agile, tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

                  Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o SAFe – vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh – l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y sinh khi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Scrum d\u1ea1ng silo.<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  H\u00ecnh 2: SAFe 5 cho nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p tinh g\u1ecdn<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

                  SAFe c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n cho danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi SAFe th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng SAFe ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                  SAFe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh g\u1ecdn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/li>\n
                  2. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/li>\n
                  3. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch SAFe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    SAFe KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nhanh nh\u1eb9n<\/li>\n
                    2. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mang t\u00ednh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/li>\n
                    3. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c danh m\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 Scrum Master, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khi n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a waterfall ho\u1eb7c scrum-ban th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (increments) c\u1ee7a SAFe.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/p>\n

                      Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0https:\/\/www.projectmanagement.com<\/p>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Masterskills<\/b><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/p>\n

                      <\/b><\/p>\n

                      Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh linh ho\u1ea1t Agile Scrum<\/p>\n

                      \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall<\/p>\n

                      12 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u0110i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0… h\u01a1n, uhm \u00fd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n… ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37287"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37287"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69081,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37287\/revisions\/69081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}