{"id":37334,"date":"2023-12-08T23:32:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-doi-du-an-va-vong-doi-phat-trien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:46:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:46:08","slug":"vong-doi-du-an-va-vong-doi-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-doi-du-an-va-vong-doi-phat-trien.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Life Cycle)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u2013 ph\u00e2n chia h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hay c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn linh ho\u1ea1t Agile).<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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  • Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Product Development) bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Tri\u1ec3n khai, Chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Development) bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>: L\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Code, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Construction) bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, L\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, Ki\u1ec3m tra, Thu l\u1ee3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc (progressive elaboration).<\/p>\n

    V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Development Life Cycle) so v\u1edbi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Development Approach)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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    • \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (Plan-driven).<\/strong> C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (waterfall). N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Change-driven)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (iterative ) v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng (incremental) c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng sau c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t (agile) hay th\u00edch \u1ee9ng (adaptive), c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. V\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (iterative life cycle), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (predictive life cycle) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; trong khi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00edch \u1ee9ng (adaptive life cycle) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (hybrid life cycle) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

      L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00fap gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PM team) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (project team).<\/p>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u0103m nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh: Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, Th\u1ef1c thi, Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

      Trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eafp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea3y ra theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (linear) m\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic).<\/p>\n

      T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      C\u1ea3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 thi PMP, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong b\u00e0i thi.<\/p>\n

      L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch:<\/strong>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Lan\u00a0– Masterskills<\/p>\n

      Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>\u00a0Project Life Cycle Vs. Development Life Cycle<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      D\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

      Project Life Cycles: Predictive, Iterative, Incremental, Agile, Hybrid<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Life Cycle) V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u2013 ph\u00e2n chia h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37334"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69111,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37334\/revisions\/69111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}