{"id":37521,"date":"2023-12-08T23:37:26","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lean-tinh-gon-hoa-quy-trinh-mot-cach-hieu-qua.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:47:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:47:12","slug":"lean-tinh-gon-hoa-quy-trinh-mot-cach-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lean-tinh-gon-hoa-quy-trinh-mot-cach-hieu-qua.html","title":{"rendered":"Lean – Tinh g\u1ecdn h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Agile bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c sao cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy Lean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem Lean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ra sao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn – Lean<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, Lean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn Agile; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Lean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Agile. Lean b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Toyota \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Henry Ford. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Lean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Lean trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Agile, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a Lean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn\u201d – \u201cLean Product Development\u201d. Trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Lean nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn – Lean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
  • Trao d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Agile v\u00e0 Lean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Lean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung cho Kanban v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile kh\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 duy Lean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile v\u00e0 Kanban. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn – Lean, Kanban v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy Lean – Lean Thinking, v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Lean, Kanban v\u00e0 Agile.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    7 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Lean<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Lean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t 7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Eliminate waste – Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v.v. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ecdc? Hay vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a? C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?<\/li>\n
    • Empower the team – Trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00f3m<\/strong>: Thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi m\u00f4 (s\u00e2u s\u00e1t t\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c), ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mi\u1ec5n sao cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
    • Deliver fast – Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhanh<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111em l\u1ea1i (ROI) c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra\/b\u00e0n giao c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p (iteration) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh (release). Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhanh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Lean gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00f3 nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Lean th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (Minimally Marketable Features – MMF)<\/strong> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t release. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u2014 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ea3 thi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (Minimally Viable Product – MVP)<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i MMF v\u00e0 MVP, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Lean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n
    • Optimize the whole – T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tuy duy v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai sao cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
    • Build quality in – T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh g\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cki\u1ec3m tra\u201d ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng,…) v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
    • Defer decisions – Tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1edbm t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e0ng tr\u1ec5 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c trong product backlog tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i iteration c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e0ng tr\u1ec5 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • Amplify learning – M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/strong>: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin s\u1edbm v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\/th\u1eed sai, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Agile v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Lean<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Agile<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Lean<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00f3m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhanh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      x<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospective<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      x<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      M\u1ed7i iteration k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 tu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      x<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n unit test trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      x<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Quan s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, thao t\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      x<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      7 Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Lean<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Lean. Mary v\u00e0 Tom Poppendieck (c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 Lean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Lean trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 7 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh 7 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong b\u1ea3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh; c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Code \u0111ang ch\u1edd test.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u00ednh n\u0103ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “c\u00f3-th\u00ec-c\u0169ng-t\u1ed1t”<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u1ebf to\u00e1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng 3D.<\/p>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c – \u0110a nhi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      L\u00e0m c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Ch\u1edd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      S\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 khi ch\u1edd xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ch\u1edd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1edd ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Chuy\u1ec3n giao\/B\u00e0n giao\/Di chuy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t hay ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y sang nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n giao.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Sai s\u00f3t\/L\u1ed7i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sai.<\/p>\n

      Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      X\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o thang m\u00e1y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ch\u1edd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh sau khi h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      L\u1ed7i, Ch\u1edd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      L\u01b0u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, Chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, T\u00ednh n\u0103ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      G\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o an to\u00e0n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, bi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea9m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Value stream maps – B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m Lean t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, t\u1eeb khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. Ghi t\u00ean cho m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfp theo, theo d\u00f5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ch\u1edd.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd ra quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111ang l\u00e0m nh\u00f3m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111ang d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Khi nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Scrum t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Lean \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Cycle time<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng hay nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb khi nh\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Lead time<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • Cycle time v\u00e0 lead time gi\u00fap suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • Khi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cycle time ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y cycle time. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 trong 6 tu\u1ea7n. Sau khi nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 8 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Cycle time l\u00e0 8 tu\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng lead time l\u00e0 14 tu\u1ea7n – v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng flow efficiency (hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb)<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 (thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Flow efficiency = 100 * Cycle time \u00f7 Lead time %<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n release g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        T\u01b0 duy Lean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. T\u01b0 duy Lean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile. Taiichi Ohno (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota, trang 9, CRC Press 1988) c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.\u201d V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do, g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        \n

        Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u00a0<\/strong>b\u1edfi\u00a0Masterskills<\/strong>\u00a0(PMP<\/sup>, PMI-ACP<\/sup>, PMI-ATP Instructor)\u00a0<\/p>\n

        References: PMI – ACP Exam Prep by Mike Griffin, Head First Agile<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        Product Backlog l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi WBS<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile – l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Agile<\/p>\n

        12 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n

        Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

        Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi Scrum<\/p>\n

        Scrum of Scrums<\/p>\n

        User stories – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n

        Story points – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n

        Velocity l\u00e0 g\u00ec – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Agile<\/p>\n

        Story Map – L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong Agile<\/p>\n

        Agile Retrospectives – Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

        Kanban – ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

        PDCA – Chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

        Personas – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong Agile<\/p>\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Scrum – The Scrum Guide <\/p>\n

        B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 3-5-2, Scrum c\u00f3 3-5-3<\/p>\n

        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Scrum t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y ta?<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y Daily scrum hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Agile bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c sao cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy Lean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37521"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37521"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69245,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37521\/revisions\/69245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}