{"id":37565,"date":"2023-12-08T23:38:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/agile-retrospectives-nhin-lai-va-cai-tien-hieu-qua-cong-viec-du-an.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:47:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:47:26","slug":"agile-retrospectives-nhin-lai-va-cai-tien-hieu-qua-cong-viec-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/agile-retrospectives-nhin-lai-va-cai-tien-hieu-qua-cong-viec-du-an.html","title":{"rendered":"Agile Retrospectives &#8211; Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-body article-toc\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Agile xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, x\u1eed l\u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\/s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1eady cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ra sao? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi!<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n release s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 demo ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\/s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f3 xong. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a development team ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Retrospectives c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p), ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Lean v\u00e0 Kanban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospectives, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t?<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111i?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives kh\u00e1c) xem t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi! Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean th\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c hay quay l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u00ec retrospectives di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, retrospectives cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ee9c th\u00ec cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1edbi \u201chy v\u1ecdng\u201d r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a team c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 project manager khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c project manager kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t cao n\u00ean lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, khi nh\u00f3m agile x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh-ch\u00fang-ta. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Retrospectives th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u rework, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/strong>: Retrospectives \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\/k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00f3, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00e0 khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\/k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\/k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/strong>: T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y? Theo Esther Derby v\u00e0 Diana Larsen, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives bao g\u1ed3m 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc: B\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ba b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Derby v\u00e0 Larsen n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong 2 gi\u1edd retrospectives \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 timeboxed nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospectives l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i retrospectives s\u1ebd lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p (iteration):<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Chu k\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (\u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i) &#8211; sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc retrospective cho l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f3 (\u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y (c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospective) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo. Trong l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0n giao c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\/s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p &#8211; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospective \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb &#8211; Set the Stage<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp retrospectives, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3\/\u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng trong bu\u1ed5i retrospective l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra sao v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong bu\u1ed5i retrospective \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospective, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i retrospective v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i retrospectives &#8211; c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc\u201d. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospectives.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i retrospectives ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ai trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia bu\u1ed5i retrospectives v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp retrospectives bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Check-in<\/u>:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi check-in v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Focus on \/ Focus off<\/u>:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch tham gia hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, sau \u0111\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t \u201cFocus on\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>ESVP<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n danh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospective l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c tu\u00fdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o (<strong>E<\/strong>xplorer &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, <strong>S<\/strong>hopper &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng, <strong>V<\/strong>acationer &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t hay <strong>P<\/strong>risoner &#8211; t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Working Agreements &#8211; Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Check-in<\/u>:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xoay v\u00f2ng t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i retrospectives, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Focus on \/ Focus off<\/u>:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong bu\u1ed5i retrospectives. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i retrospectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/12\/4_c0f0740457064603bbd7e1d70186c076_grande-1.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" title=\"4_c0f0740457064603bbd7e1d70186c076_grande-1\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, m\u1eddi h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u1ed9t \u201cFocus On\u201d b\u00ean tr\u00e1i hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf c\u1ed9t \u201cFocus Off\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>ESVP<\/u>:<\/strong> Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospective thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n danh), ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y:\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Explorer &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1: <\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Shopper &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng: <\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd xem qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd vui v\u1ebb ra v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Vacationer &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i retrospective, nh\u01b0ng khi tham gia retrospective h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Prisoner &#8211; T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea9n danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m xem x\u00e9t (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sau khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00ean x\u00e9 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb truy l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospective.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Working Agreements &#8211; Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/u>: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u &#8211; Gather Data<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong iteration v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n xem nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n &#8211; d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong iteration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Timeline (D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian)<\/u><\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a iteration &#8211; t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Triple Nickels<\/u><\/strong>: Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 5 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 5 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Color Code Dots<\/u><\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t cao\/th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong iteration.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Mad (\u0111i\u00ean), Sad (bu\u1ed3n), Glad (vui)<\/u><\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong su\u1ed1t iteration v\u1edbi 3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Mad (\u0111i\u00ean), Sad (bu\u1ed3n), Glad (vui).<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Locate Strengths (X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh)<\/u><\/strong>: Nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb (t\u1ed1t) trong su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Satisfaction Histogram (Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng)<\/u><\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Team Radar<\/u><\/strong>: Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Like to Like<\/u><\/strong>: Nh\u00f3m so s\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n hai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Timeline v\u00e0 Triple Nickels).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Timeline<\/u>: <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Timeline \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t timeline cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a iteration ho\u1eb7c timeline c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t, hay c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<li>Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean c\u00e1c sticky note c\u00f3 m\u00e0u (m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a sticky note gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n). Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng sticky notes, s\u1ebd g\u1eafn ch\u00fang l\u00ean timeline v\u00e0 xem l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i timeline nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a timeline v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi notes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u00ean timeline, nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 timeline t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u00eam notes m\u1edbi theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi timeline, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Triple Nickels<\/u>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Triple Nickels l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia d\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. (K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi b\u1eafn s\u00fang, b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb 5 yard trong 5 gi\u00e2y). Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ri\u00eang l\u1ebb (ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh 1 nh\u00f3m) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 5 v\u00f2ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong iteration. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean sticky notes. Sau khi 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n notes c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean notes m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c suy ng\u1eabm c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u00a0<strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft &#8211; Generate Insights<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i retrospectives cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Brainstorming<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m Free-for-AlI, Round-Robin v\u00e0 Quiet Writing.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Five Whys<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao?\u201d n\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Fishbone Analysis (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1)<\/u>: <\/strong>Nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 &#8211; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Five Whys &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Prioritize with Dots<\/u>:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Brainstorming, Five Whys v\u00e0 Fishbone Analysis) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Brainstorming<\/u>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span> <\/span>Brainstorming nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch brainstorming ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p &#8211; <strong>Quiet Writing<\/strong> (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau \u0111\u00f3), <strong>Round-Robin<\/strong> (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb b\u00e0i cho nhau, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ebb b\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebb b\u00e0i cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo) v\u00e0 <strong>Free-for-All<\/strong> (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1).<\/li>\n<li><span> <\/span>Nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong bu\u1ed5i retrospectives &#8211; &#8220;<strong>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Five Whys<\/u>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Five Whys l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Toyota v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Lean (s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c).<\/li>\n<li>Khi nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Trong c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi &#8220;T\u1ea1i sao?&#8221; n\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"><u>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1<\/u><\/span><span>: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb treo khi \u0111ang demo?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 1: <em>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb treo do ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"><u>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2<\/u><\/span><span>: T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 2: <em>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ed7ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"><u>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3<\/u><\/span><span>: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 3: <em>Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n l\u1ed7i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"><u>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4<\/u><\/span><span>: T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ed7ng?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 4: <em>T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft; n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\"><u>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5<\/u><\/span><span>: T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span> <\/span><span>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 5:<em> \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u00eam n\u00f3 v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/em><\/span><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Fishbone Analysis (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1)<\/u>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Fishbone Analysis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Five Whys, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u201ccon c\u00e1\u201d. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong Five Whys ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/li>\n<li>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/li>\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m, &#8220;C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 [\u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i] \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&#8221; C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng &#8220;x\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221; tr\u00ean c\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u1ef3 thi PMI-ACP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m &#8211; Decide What to Do<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong ba b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 iteration m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh sang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 iteration ti\u1ebfp theo &#8211; ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Short Subjects (Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn)<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u201cGi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, b\u1ecf qua, th\u00eam\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m, ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m \u00edt h\u01a1n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>SMART Goals<\/u>:<\/strong> C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m g\u1eafn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng SMART Goals:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Specific<\/strong>: C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>Measurable<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attainable<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relevant<\/strong>: C\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/li>\n<li><strong>Timely<\/strong>: Th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Circle of Questions (V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi)<\/u>:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xoay v\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp theo trong v\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Retrospective Planning Game (Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Retrospective)<\/u>:<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho iteration ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n hai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y (Short Subjects v\u00e0 SMART Goals).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Short Subjects<\/u>:<\/strong> Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, L\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i \u1edf l\u1ea7n sau<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1eef, B\u1ecf, Th\u00eam<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m, ng\u01b0ng l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m \u00edt h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 60px\">H\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Short Subjects \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m, ng\u01b0ng l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m th\u00eam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u00edt \u0111i.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>SMART Goals<\/u>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (SMART). C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh SMART Goals, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SMART tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i SMART, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n\u201d, v\u00e0 SMART c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cM\u1ed7i m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua unit tests, test ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 test h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi demo cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SMART Goals, h\u1ecd chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh SMART Goals. Trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia khi xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau &#8211; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xem m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 SMART hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m SMART c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: \u0110\u00f3ng retrospectives &#8211; Close the Retrospective<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac retrospectives. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong bu\u1ed5i retrospectives v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u00e0nh cho nhau. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a retrospectives cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac retrospectives, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Plus \/ Delta<\/u>:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (\u201cplus\u201d) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i (\u201cdelta\u201d) trong hai c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (Helped), b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf (Hindered), gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft (Hypothesis)<\/u>:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh bu\u1ed5i retrospectives \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra &#8211; \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra (\u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i retrospectives trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>Return on Time Invested &#8211; ROTI<\/u><\/strong>: C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a retrospectives v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp theo thang \u0111i\u1ec3m 5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong><u>L\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n (Appreciations)<\/u>:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong iteration v\u1eeba qua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap k\u1ebft th\u00fac qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh retrospectives, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean &#8211; \u201cPlus \/ Delta\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cHelped, Hindered, Hypothesis\u201d.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>Plus \/ Delta<\/u>: <\/strong>V\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1eef T l\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li><strong><u>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (Helped), b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf (Hindered), gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft (Hypothesis)<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh bu\u1ed5i retrospectives v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ba t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap\u201d, \u201cB\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh retrospectives v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft) n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i retrospectives trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean sticky notes v\u00e0 d\u00e1n notes l\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Retrospectives nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, retrospectives s\u1ebd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau; c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, n\u00ean c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111i tr\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y (thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5), s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c retrospectives b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Agile \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao retrospectives.<\/li>\n<li>Retrospectives hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong iteration ti\u1ebfp theo. M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed7i iteration l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp retrospectives, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdp retrospectives \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Retrospectives l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Retrospectives c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, g\u00f3p \u00fd th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi than phi\u1ec1n\u201d &#8211; nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i retrospectives trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i retrospectives th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00f3i quen chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n\u201d c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i retrospectives.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"><strong>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi\u00a0Masterskills<\/strong>\u00a0(PMP, PMI-ATP Instructor)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 9pt\"><span style=\"color: #999999\">References:\u00a0PMI ACP Exam Prep Mike Griffiths 2nd Edition,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">ProductPlan.com<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #999999\">,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">agilealliance.org<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Product Backlog l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi WBS<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile &#8211; l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">12 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi Scrum<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Scrum of Scrums<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">User stories &#8211; C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Story points &#8211; C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Velocity l\u00e0 g\u00ec &#8211; C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Story Map &#8211; L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Agile Retrospectives &#8211; Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Kanban &#8211; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">PDCA &#8211; Chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Personas &#8211; C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong Agile<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Lean &#8211; Tinh g\u1ecdn h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Scrum  &#8211; The Scrum Guide <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 3-5-2, Scrum c\u00f3 3-5-3<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Scrum t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y ta?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y Daily scrum hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Agile xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, x\u1eed l\u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37565"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37565"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69285,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37565\/revisions\/69285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}