{"id":37794,"date":"2023-12-08T23:44:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/problem-solving-la-gi-6-buoc-giai-quyet-van-de-theo-chuan-pmi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:48:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:48:21","slug":"problem-solving-la-gi-6-buoc-giai-quyet-van-de-theo-chuan-pmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/problem-solving-la-gi-6-buoc-giai-quyet-van-de-theo-chuan-pmi.html","title":{"rendered":"Problem solving l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo chu\u1ea9n PMI"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (problem solving) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n (critical thinking), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c logic.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (quality assurance) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Control Quality) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (quality audit) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c giao ph\u1ea9m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Cho d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf hay l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo chu\u1ea9n PMI:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n
  2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/li>\n
  3. T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi<\/li>\n
  4. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
  5. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n
  6. X\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S\u00e1u b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo chu\u1ea9n PMI<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 do k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1<\/strong> (fishbone diagram, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u00a0cause-and-effect diagram, why-why diagram, Ishikawa diagram) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n coi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5) c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n do n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

    3. T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o (brainstorming) v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy (mind mapping).<\/p>\n

    4. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i (trade-off analysis) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    5. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec n\u00ean t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

    6. X\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

    7 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Stakeholders<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (problem solving) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n (critical thinking), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c logic. Gi\u1ea3i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69407,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37794\/revisions\/69407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}