{"id":37818,"date":"2023-12-08T23:44:58","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/megaproject-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-12T13:14:20","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T13:14:20","slug":"megaproject-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/megaproject-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Megaproject l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-body article-toc\">\n<h2 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #0000ff\"><b>Megaproject l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Theo C\u1ea9m nang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Megaproject c\u1ee7a Oxford <i>(Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management)<\/i>, &#8220;Megaproject l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n 1 t\u1ef7 USD tr\u1edf l\u00ean, m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (constraint) trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh megaprojects; trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u (nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t megaproject. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung h\u01a1n l\u00e0 <strong>&#8220;Megaproject l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi: cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1edbn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Theo T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (COST &#8211; European Cooperation in Science and Technology), megaproject \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 &#8220;s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n giao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m&#8221;. Megaproject thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed cao. Megaproject c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bmang t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai&#8221;. Bent Flyvbjerg, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh Sa\u00efd thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, megaproject chi\u1ebfm 8% t\u1ed5ng GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #0000ff\"><b>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Megaproject<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n megaproject \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u1ea1c quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u megaproject \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Megaproject th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tham nh\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Megaprojects kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e1o d\u1ee1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef7 USD ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #0000ff\"><b>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 megaproject<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Megaprojects bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, s\u00e2n bay, c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eadp, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, khu kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\u2026; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c megaprojects ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Megaproject c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed cao quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Danh s\u00e1ch megaprojects \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? What is a project?<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? What is a program?<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"eJOY__extension_root\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Megaproject l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo C\u1ea9m nang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Megaproject c\u1ee7a Oxford (Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management), &#8220;Megaproject l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n 1 t\u1ef7 USD tr\u1edf l\u00ean, m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37818"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}