{"id":37900,"date":"2023-12-08T23:48:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T23:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi-ly-thuyet-ve-cac-rang-buoc.html"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:48:45","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:48:45","slug":"theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi-ly-thuyet-ve-cac-rang-buoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi-ly-thuyet-ve-cac-rang-buoc.html","title":{"rendered":"Theory of constraints (TOC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Theory of constraints (TOC – L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (Theory of constraints<\/strong> – TOC) v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01a1n. Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 TOC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Theory of constraints v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theory of constraints th\u00f4ng qua th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef chung “m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t”<\/i><\/b>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c,\u2026 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c\u00a0Theory of constraints ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (Theory of constraints- TOC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi Eliyahu M. Goldratt trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1984 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (The Goal), nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Goldratt t\u1eadp trung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n [link] v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Critical Chain, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1997. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 b\u1edfi Wolfgang Mewes.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (Theory of constraints) nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Theory l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u: Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Throughput), Chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Operational Expense) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (Investment); c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (throughput accounting).<\/p>\n

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  • Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Throughput)<\/strong><\/em>: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n) th\u00f4ng qua doanh s\u1ed1<\/li>\n
  • Chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Operational Expense)<\/strong><\/em>: Ti\u1ec1n chi ti\u00eau khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (Investment)<\/strong><\/em>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c,\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd,\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/i><\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung (Focusing Process) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

    N\u1ebfu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung<\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung<\/b> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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    L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c Theory of constraints (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp trung (Five Focusing Steps)<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00eam nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c Theory of constraints hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau).<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. Khai th\u00e1c<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3).<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. N\u00e2ng<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Theory of constraints \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp trung (Five Focusing Steps) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n – c\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Theory of constraints hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c\u00a0Theory of constraints c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1eccI CHU\u1ea8N B\u1eca CHO PMP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    SO S\u00c1NH GI\u1ea2 \u0110\u1ecaNH, R\u00c0NG BU\u1ed8C V\u00c0 Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U TRONG B\u00c0I THI PMP
    <\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n


    <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Theory of constraints (TOC – L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (Theory of constraints – TOC) v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01a1n. Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69456,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37900\/revisions\/69456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}