{"id":3931,"date":"2023-11-30T03:04:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T03:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=3931"},"modified":"2023-11-29T20:54:27","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T20:54:27","slug":"nhung-noi-dung-co-ban-cua-mot-ban-ke-hoach-kinh-doanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nhung-noi-dung-co-ban-cua-mot-ban-ke-hoach-kinh-doanh.html","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh doanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh (business)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (management) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (operation) doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb), \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1c k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u00ec c\u00f3 3 n\u1ed9i dung sau m\u00ecnh cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh n\u00e0y, g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u2013 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/em>: C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u00f2ng hay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean c\u00f3 (nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u00dac, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u2018job description\u2019 cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed).<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/em>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u2018business\u2019, c\u1ea7n n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec (bia h\u01a1i hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201ctay v\u1ecbn\u201d? hay c\u1ea3 hai?), ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n hay cao c\u1ea5p?), USP (nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 POD \u2013 point of difference hay UPB \u2013 unique perceived benefit, th\u1eadt ra USP \u2013 unique selling point bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m POD v\u00e0 UPB), \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 (unit price), chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 (pricing strategy, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, creaming hay skimming, premium hay freemium?).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd mua bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong 6 hay 12 th\u00e1ng?) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 room ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u1edb thay v\u00ec nh\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng phu.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro:<\/em>\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qua loa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u201ct\u1eed vong\u201d c\u1ee7a startup \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau: (i) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t \u1edf c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng); (ii) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra: kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra; (iii) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn business: \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00edt, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eeba, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0; (iv) bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (market)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch marketing c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n s\u1eafp tham gia (th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v\u2026), v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t marketing, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tham gia kinh doanh, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 4 n\u1ed9i dung then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung, g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai?<\/em>: C\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\/l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (typical\/ideal customer) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (demographics) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u2018qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u2019 h\u1ecd (customer management).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u2018profile\u2019 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n\/c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi hay 12 th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch SWOT<\/em>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n SWOT, l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u00f4, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n 2, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho xong chuy\u1ec7n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf t\u1eebng \u00f4 S, W, O, T, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c \u00f4 S v\u00e0 O, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4 W v\u00e0 T. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf W v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c O \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t T (khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/em>: N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 SWOT l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctri k\u1ef7, tri b\u1ec9\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cthi\u00ean th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i, nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a\u201d th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u201ctri b\u1ec9\u201d (bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi). B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang hay s\u1ebd c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 5 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m 4 th\u00f4ng tin: (i) T\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i (n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hay doanh s\u1ed1); (ii) Th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm; (iii) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, v\u00ec sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u00ec ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t?); (iv) \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 marketing v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong 12 th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o (ph\u00e1t t\u1edd r\u01a1i, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n thanh, d\u00e1n poster, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng?) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian ra sao?<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1eebng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi doanh s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed b\u1ecf ra (n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ROI l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau). Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Facebook ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u2018campaign\u2019 l\u00e0 g\u00ec (khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u2013 branding, hay t\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 \u2013 boost sales). Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o (impressions, visits, conversion rates) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n ROI, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nu\u00f4i b\u00e9o m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn l\u1eafm chi\u00eau tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh marketing, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn hay trong shop, b\u00e1n s\u1ec9 hay xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u? v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1eebng k\u00eanh, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sales, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau doanh s\u1ed1 cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (future)<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vay v\u1ed1n hay k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 b\u0103ng hay nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vay.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t. L\u01b0u \u00fd: c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (finance)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1\u00a0ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n cho business<\/strong>, c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u2022 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3: C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1, v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn; t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\u2022 D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u (startup cost), d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ebf to\u00e1n (balance sheet), d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u00e3i l\u1ed7 (profit & loss) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n (cash flow).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n (break-even analysis): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 hay c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t doanh s\u1ed1 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n = T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong k\u1ef3 (th\u00e1ng\/n\u0103m)\/(Gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 Chi ph\u00ed b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a shop caf\u00e9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong 1 th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 $10k (bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean), m\u1ed7i ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $4 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 $1.5 th\u00ec:<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n = $10k\/($4-$1.5) = $10k\/$2.5 = 4000 (ly).<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4000\/30 = 133 ly.<\/p>\n

Con s\u1ed1 133 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m. M\u00e0 n\u00f3, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi shop caf\u00e9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 2, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng), th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 133\/200 = 66.5%. Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin m\u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi l\u1eadp K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb b\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 3.<\/p>\n

\u201cTi\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ed9\u201d, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/strong>\u00a0hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n c\u1eafp \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia s\u1ebb K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Kinh doanh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh (business) Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (management) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (operation) doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,170],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3931"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3931\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}