{"id":40068,"date":"2023-12-10T01:51:47","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T01:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khoa-hoc-khang-dinh-trai-nghiem-moi-tao-nen-hanh-phuc-chu-khong-phai-vat-chat.html"},"modified":"2023-12-13T08:01:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T08:01:15","slug":"khoa-hoc-khang-dinh-trai-nghiem-moi-tao-nen-hanh-phuc-chu-khong-phai-vat-chat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khoa-hoc-khang-dinh-trai-nghiem-moi-tao-nen-hanh-phuc-chu-khong-phai-vat-chat.html","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng qua nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong khi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Theo khoa h\u1ecdc, chi ti\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/h2>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Thomas Gilovich \u2013 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1eebng ti\u00eau x\u00e0i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. R\u1eafc r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mang \u0111\u1ebfn qua r\u1ea5t nhanh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 l\u00fd do c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

Gilovich n\u00f3i “M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi. Ch\u00fang ta mua nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 khi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c mua th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, nghe v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

\"H\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

Gilovich v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 cho d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng qua \u2013 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n

\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc (identity) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf. Mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Apple Watch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, xin ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chinh ph\u1ee5c Appalachian Trail ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

“Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t”<\/em>, Gilovich n\u00f3i, “B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m do ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi”.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

\"H\u1ea1nh<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 d\u00e0i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 – li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n:<\/strong> Gilovich c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa h\u01a1n trong khi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"H\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng qua: <\/strong>B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng mua th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khi mua v\u1ec1, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129? M\u1ed9t khi mua n\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u1edf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn: “Nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb9p qu\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1eaft”.<\/em> Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

K\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

Gilovich v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Elizabeth Dunn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc British Columbia c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c mua th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng “b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i” v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ham mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” l\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng qua nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong khi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40068\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}