{"id":40551,"date":"2023-12-10T02:08:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T02:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cuoc-song-cua-mot-quan-tri-vien-he-thong-linux.html"},"modified":"2023-12-13T06:25:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T06:25:56","slug":"cuoc-song-cua-mot-quan-tri-vien-he-thong-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cuoc-song-cua-mot-quan-tri-vien-he-thong-linux.html","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u1eeba mang l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m vui, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi admin c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 “L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?” V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, “Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u00ec?”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

\"Tr\u1edf<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux, v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 SA – System Administrator) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 coi Linux nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Unix, khi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. T\u1edbi l\u00fac Linux tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Unix kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi say m\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean Linux.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean Linux m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1edf th\u00edch. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean Linux k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, ngay khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Linux l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1996, \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng Linux User’s Group (LUG) \u1edf Tulsa, Oklahoma, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi Unix Special Interest Group (Unix SIG).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Linux r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y Linux l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1995 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i WorldCom. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t FTP\/download server cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 desktop c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng “b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y” trong nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft: “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p Lye-nix xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Samba tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 daemon, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Windows.<\/p>\n

Sau khi r\u1eddi nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 desktop, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb domain Windows. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e9n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Red Hat Linux 4.0 v\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft t\u00f2 m\u00f2. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Samba tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba\u201d v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: “M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta?”. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 “N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u”. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Red Hat Linux cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c. Linux v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ty n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ed3i \u201cch\u1ebft d\u00ed\u201d v\u1edbi Windows 3.11 v\u00e0 Windows 95, trong khi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Linux.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u LUG c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m. Sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u201cng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c\u201d LUG cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong nh\u00f3m. Nh\u00f3m LUG n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tulsa. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tin hay kh\u00f4ng, Linux hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh *nix ch\u00ednh trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ai n\u00f3i: “N\u00e0y, Ken, anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 Linux”.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u00e9n\u201d b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y tham gia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp Linux ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u00edch, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c video c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Messer tr\u00ean YouTube.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 Opensource.com v\u00e0 Enable Sysadmin \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\"Tr\u1edf<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Linux bao g\u1ed3m sao l\u01b0u, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c file, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng file, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng, \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Windows. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

L\u00fd do l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t daemon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ghi v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. M\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i trong m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c 24\/7, di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 365 ng\u00e0y, s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c?<\/h2>\n

\"Tr\u1edf<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng). B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 “ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: “B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng”. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111i th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u00edt th\u1edf, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u1edbi CNTT. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129, v\u00f5 s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 s\u1edf th\u00edch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40551"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40551\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}