{"id":40557,"date":"2023-12-10T02:08:34","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T02:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/pdca-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-13T06:25:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T06:25:32","slug":"pdca-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/pdca-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"PDCA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (lean manufacturing) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Walter Shewhart v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi William Deming, chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

PDCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Walter Shewhart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA. \u00d4ng say ph\u00ea ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng PDCA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Shewhart, William Deming th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Shewhart ho\u1eb7c chu tr\u00ecnh Deming.<\/p>\n

PDCA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\"Chun<\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tinh g\u1ecdn (lean). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a PDCA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (Plan)<\/h2>\n

\"Chun<\/p>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i m\u1edf nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai Hoshin Kanri. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (Do)<\/h2>\n

\"Chun<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01a1n tru. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra (Check)<\/h2>\n

\"Chun<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n KI\u1ec2M TRA n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 xem k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong quy tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (Act)<\/h2>\n

\"Chun<\/p>\n

\u1ede nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh PDCA s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 Hoshin Kanri.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh PDCA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh Plan-Do-Check-Act l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. PDCA c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chu tr\u00ecnh Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (lean manufacturing) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40557\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}