{"id":40628,"date":"2023-12-10T02:11:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T02:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/11-nguyen-tac-co-ban-ma-moi-lap-trinh-vien-deu-nen-tuan-theo.html"},"modified":"2023-12-13T06:13:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T06:13:38","slug":"11-nguyen-tac-co-ban-ma-moi-lap-trinh-vien-deu-nen-tuan-theo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/11-nguyen-tac-co-ban-ma-moi-lap-trinh-vien-deu-nen-tuan-theo.html","title":{"rendered":"11 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd v\u1eabn v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh – nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n gi\u00fap t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u hay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ng nay t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp Gym hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e2ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp Gym – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c framework JavaScript<\/strong> hot nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Angular \u2013 IoC container, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 \u0111ang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 suy ngh\u0129 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111inh, ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00faa s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t con bug kh\u1ee7ng. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng minh, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 v\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f9i khen m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau v\u00e0o xem l\u1ea1i code (c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/em>) kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1ng code \u201cth\u00f4ng minh<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao s\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Khi vi\u1ebft code, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft sao cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/strong>. Code r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi code t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a \u2013 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong>. Nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft code tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201cth\u00f4ng minh<\/em>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n code \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft code v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a code \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i code c\u00e0ng \u00edt d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111i thi hay \u0111i h\u1ecdc<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n “The Clean Coder: A Code of Conduct for Professional Programmers<\/em>” (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Coder r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Robert C. Martin.<\/p>\n

: 13 Ebook mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed hay nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho Web Designer<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eebng vi\u1ebft code th\u1eeba, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 2 nh\u1ec9? Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft code hay sao?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1eeba “c\u00f3”, v\u1eeba “kh\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft \u00edt code nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho code c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft code khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n hay th\u00eam t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0o code c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho code c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u201cm\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201clinh ho\u1ea1t<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u sai khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1eefu \u00edch ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Ph\u1ea7n code ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ch\u00fat gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u code c\u00f2n sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u bug h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft code tr\u1eeb khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u code nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

4. L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng Comment trong code \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t fan h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft comment \u200b\u200btrong code. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Bob Martin<\/strong>, khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cM\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t comment trong code, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u0103n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2013 Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftmanship<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean vi\u1ebft comment trong code, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

Comment ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qua t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c comment ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n code kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t comment c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 di\u1ec5n ra trong code nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft code.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, comment \u200b\u200bkh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i b\u1edfi trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea7n code \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comment m\u00e0 \u200b\u200bkh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n code \u0111i k\u00e8m th\u00ec c\u00e1c comment n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u200b\u200bth\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e1i b\u1ea1n \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c comment so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n code \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n code \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c comment n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng comment \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng comment \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng comment c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201ccomment\u200b\u200b<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i – t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

: C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh, th\u1ee5t l\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong Python<\/p>\n

5. Lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft code c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft n\u00f3<\/h2>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o code tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ta ph\u1ea3i code m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u00e0 code th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch code s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi code<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng vi\u1ebft code m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec code m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Test Driven Development<\/strong> (TDD – Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/em>) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n code \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100% c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

6. Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i code tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao n\u00f3<\/h2>\n

H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 test code c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u0103ng n\u00f3 cho tester! <\/strong>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, test l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tester nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>\u201d, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 test nh\u1eefng case c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, fix nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng n\u00e9m code c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho nh\u00f3m Tester ngay khi v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft xong, b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng m\u1edb l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bug report v\u00e0 resolution kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh ra v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n test c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Tester, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. H\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 d\u00e0nh ra 15 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh ra 45 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00f9 \u00edt \u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y theo th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra cho b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi<\/strong> th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

: 8 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n

8. Vi\u1ebft code l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/h2>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t. Th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ngh\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 ki\u1ebfm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u00edch vi\u1ebft code. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00edch. Vi\u1ebft code mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m vui. T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft code.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1edbt \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft code vui nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5 (side project<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft code t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc code thay v\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh?<\/p>\n

9. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ecf ra m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cem kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft<\/em>\u201d, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng OK n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 \u2013 h\u00e3y tin t\u00f4i \u0111i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi<\/strong>. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

10. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 3 l\u1edbp, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng IoC, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Test Driven Development. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbest practice \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/em>“, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u Test-Driven Development<\/strong> (TDD<\/em>) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft code? Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p (pair programming<\/em>)? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IoC containers kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f2n t\u00f9y<\/em>\u201d, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea9y “best practice<\/em>” xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u2013 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m theo h\u1ecd \u2013 nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi vi\u1ebft code, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

: 25 website v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

11. Lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hay nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t (\u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u1edf tr\u00ean<\/em>). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/em>\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\"11<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a blog n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i chung tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 “th\u1eb1ng ng\u1ed1c<\/em>” n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tinh ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 12, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd<\/strong>. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 huy ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i sao \u01b0? H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng “th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>” m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o? Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1ebf c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: John Sonmez<\/em><\/p>\n

: 13 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Frontend Developer<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n vui v\u1ebb!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cM\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t comment trong code, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u0103n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40628"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40628\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}