{"id":41144,"date":"2023-12-10T02:31:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T02:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/6-ong-lon-thanh-cong-nho-thay-doi-mo-hinh-kinh-doanh.html"},"modified":"2023-12-13T04:57:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T04:57:50","slug":"6-ong-lon-thanh-cong-nho-thay-doi-mo-hinh-kinh-doanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/6-ong-lon-thanh-cong-nho-thay-doi-mo-hinh-kinh-doanh.html","title":{"rendered":"6 \u00f4ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Y Combinator Paul Graham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch (v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p) cho c\u00e1c startup v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn startup th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic – khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, l\u00e0m startup c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc – b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft xem n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Graham k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t khi l\u00e0m startup l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 “c\u00f3 1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra”. Trong khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c startup th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u00edt ai nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c startup “s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t” v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch 6 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi 1 t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

: 18 sai l\u1ea7m gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft startup t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Y Combinator<\/p>\n

PayPal<\/h2>\n

Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tin hay kh\u00f4ng, PayPal ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong> nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean Founders at Work<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Jessica Livingston c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp PayPal l\u00e0 Max Levchin. Trong bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, Levchin \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a PayPal l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/strong>, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua PDA – Personal Digital Assistant, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n). Ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai (v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o su\u00fdt ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty), PayPal m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng “\u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o” (sweet spot) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

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Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/strong>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1998, PayPal \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ra c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c eBay mua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1,5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4-la.<\/p>\n

: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh ch\u1ec9 trong 2 ph\u00fat<\/p>\n

Google<\/h2>\n

V\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, Google h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Wired<\/em> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean The Search<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Google \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i m\u00f2 m\u1eabm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n doanh thu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau khi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm (search appliance) cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c engine t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00e1c, Google \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, c\u00f4ng ty tung ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh AdWords<\/strong> – cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p mua qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean Google.com. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 sau 1 \u0111\u00eam, Google \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y 1 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb 1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 “v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh” qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>. N\u0103m 2008, Google b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi SEC r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh thu 21 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4-la ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. T\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, AdWords v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong doanh thu v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Google. AdWords c\u0169ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Search Marketing c\u1ee7a Yahoo v\u00e0 Bing c\u1ee7a MSN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

Facebook<\/h2>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, Facebook ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Friendster<\/em> hay MySMasterskills<\/em> th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 – c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Facebook v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 1 “x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ed m\u1eadt”<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email \u0111u\u00f4i .edu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd th\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Facebook so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng vui” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Facebook kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1eady n\u00ean b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Facebook Mark Zuckerberg \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc<\/strong> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 th\u00ec Facebook \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u0111\u1ee7 13 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Nh\u00ecn chung th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2009 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi trang Compete.com<\/em> cho th\u1ea5y Facebook l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem (view) v\u00e0 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m (visit) h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. C\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n 1.6% c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Microsoft v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 240 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007.<\/p>\n

Apple<\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993 t\u1edbi 1997, Apple ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n doanh thu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 cho t\u1edbi m\u00e1y nghe CD hay TV v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Steve Jobs b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8o l\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng CEO ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Pepsi-Cola). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, Steve Jobs quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed CEO v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t, Apple b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft<\/strong>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb iMac<\/em> n\u0103m 1998. Apple c\u0169ng mua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda video v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. iPod<\/em> th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mang t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khi b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong v\u00f2ng 6 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a BBC.<\/em> M\u1ed9t c\u00fa hit kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 iPhone<\/em> c\u0169ng mang t\u1edbi doanh thu kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng, theo CNN Money.<\/em> S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng 1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

YouTube<\/h2>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, YouTube ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 1 startup v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh l\u00e0: “ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 sau”<\/em>. Khi Google mua l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 video ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1.65 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4-la, Shepard Smith c\u1ee7a t\u1edd Fox News \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ‘YouTube th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u1eb3ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o<\/strong>“, ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. N\u0103m 2008, Forbes d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o YouTube ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ee9c 200 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng Ba n\u0103m 2010, Mashable cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng doanh thu c\u1ee7a YouTube \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 1 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4-la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chung<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec YouTube s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed nh\u01b0 NBC, ABC hay CBS. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a YouTube, theo nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Forbes<\/em> trong n\u0103m 2008, l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed5 l\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u00f3 qu\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea1p trong b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i<\/em>“. YouTube \u0111\u00e3 tung ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Partner Program cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb doanh thu ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb video c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Mashable \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng CEO c\u1ee7a Google Eric Schidt \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng YouTube c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n

Napster<\/h2>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb t\u1edbi Napster nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea1c ngang h\u00e0ng P2P m\u00e0 Shawn Fanning mang t\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1999-2001. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng Napster ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2000, khi ban nh\u1ea1c Heavy Metal Metallica b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ca kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd I Disappear c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 catalog trong studio \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed (sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 n\u1eefa). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Metallica c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi rapper Dr. Dre ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ty vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n – khi \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh 26.4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong n\u0103m 2001 (theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Comscore).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong khi Napster c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c, 2 v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb 2 h\u00e3ng ghi \u00e2m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a l\u00e0 Napster ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda website. H\u00e3ng media kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Bertelsmann \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i Napster v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 85 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed. \u0110i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi 1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn n\u0103m 2008, h\u00e3ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Best Buy mua l\u1ea1i Napster v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 121 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1n nh\u1ea1c t\u1eeb catalog – khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 9 tri\u1ec7u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Napster<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kazaa, t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n 100 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y vinh quang nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cho t\u1edbi khi kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm doanh thu v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m cao m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Y Combinator Paul Graham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch (v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p) cho c\u00e1c startup v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn startup th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic – khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, l\u00e0m startup c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc – b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft xem n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Graham k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t khi l\u00e0m startup l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 “c\u00f3 1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra”. Trong khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c startup th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u00edt ai nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c startup “s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t” v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch 6 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi 1 t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41144\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}