L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O D\u1ea0NG L\u01af\u1edaI HAY QU\u1ea2N TR\u1eca D\u1ea0NG L\u01af\u1edaI<\/strong><\/h3>\nC\u00f3 hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hai ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ef1<\/em>\u00a0quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ef1<\/em>\u00a0quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/em>\u00a0M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ohio \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hai h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n- S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n
- S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0– ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>\u00a0– nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan xem hai h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi khi d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi kia. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ohio l\u1ea1i xem hai h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t trong hai ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u. \u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Robert Blake v\u00e0 Jane Mouton, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ph\u00eda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd x\u1ebfp h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.saga.vn\/uploads\/%E1%BA%A2nh%20Minh%20H%E1%BB%8Da\/LEADERSHIP.jpg\")
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Trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean, b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hai h\u00e0nh vi:<\/p>\n
\n- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (Authoritarian)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 (Country Club)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu<\/strong>\u00a0(Impoverished)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m<\/strong>\u00a0(<\/strong>Team Leader)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c\u00a0L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nSau \u0111\u00e2y ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cao, quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t)<\/strong>\u00a0– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\nL\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cao, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n). Ki\u1ec3u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hay c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n\n- R\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi l\u00ean l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn g\u00ec c\u1ea3;<\/li>\n
- Khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ecd \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3;<\/li>\n
- H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i (d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00a0g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n \u00a0\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p, quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t) –\u00a0<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00a0ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\nL\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t)\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd “\u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t”. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hay ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnhmu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd \u00a0th\u00edch t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\nPhong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ba c\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m 9 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 thang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0– \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\nTuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ba phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong ba phong c\u00e1ch kia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu. H\u00e3y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TI\u1ebeP C\u1eacN D\u1ef0A TR\u00caN B\u1ed0N N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG\u00a0(FOUR FRAMEWORK APPROACH)<\/strong><\/h3>\nTrong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo B\u1ed1n N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, Bolman v\u00e0 Deal cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.saga.vn\/uploads\/%E1%BA%A2nh%20Minh%20H%E1%BB%8Da\/saga_infographic_cs5-18.jpg\")
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Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0(L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Structural leadership, xem th\u00eam ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0(L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Symbolic leadership, xem th\u00eam ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/em>. C\u00f2n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\nB\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 4 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7\u00a0ch\u0103m ch\u0103m soi m\u00f3i\u00a0ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m; h\u1ecd trao th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5” lu\u00f4n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng sau h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua vai di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri, c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0k\u1ebb \u0103n theo\u00a0ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c\u00a0tung h\u1ecfa m\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft “kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O THEO T\u00ccNH HU\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/h3>\nN\u0103m 1997, hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Paul Hersey v\u00e0 Ken Blanchard \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c – m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n
\n- Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>\u00a0(ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o)<\/em>\u00a0– M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (hay t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o)\u00a0<\/em>ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, n\u1ea3y sinh o\u00e1n \u00a0gi\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5t ch\u00ed nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u00a0<\/strong>(h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)<\/em>\u00a0– Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u00a0ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3). H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp). Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u00a0khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 Ken Blanchard \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0Thuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e0nh\u00a0L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/em>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ken, phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 (h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3). D T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.saga.vn\/uploads\/%E1%BA%A2nh%20Minh%20H%E1%BB%8Da\/saga_infographic_cs5-17.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tu\u1ef3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5):<\/p>\n
\n- Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (Directing)<\/strong>\u00a0– \u0110\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng (khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u00a0kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5) v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i).<\/li>\n
- Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (Coaching)<\/strong>\u00a0– Gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ).<\/li>\n
- H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (Supporting)<\/strong>\u00a0– Gi\u1ea3m ra l\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa(\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
- \u1ee6y th\u00e1c (Delegating)<\/strong>\u00a0– Cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168,167],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4251"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4251\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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- S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n
- S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ra hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0– ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>\u00a0– nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan xem hai h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi khi d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi kia. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ohio l\u1ea1i xem hai h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t trong hai ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u. \u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Robert Blake v\u00e0 Jane Mouton, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ph\u00eda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd x\u1ebfp h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean, b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hai h\u00e0nh vi:<\/p>\n
- \n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (Authoritarian)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 (Country Club)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu<\/strong>\u00a0(Impoverished)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m<\/strong>\u00a0(<\/strong>Team Leader)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c\u00a0L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00e2y ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cao, quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t)<\/strong>\u00a0– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cao, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n). Ki\u1ec3u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hay c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n
- \n
- R\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi l\u00ean l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn g\u00ec c\u1ea3;<\/li>\n
- Khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ecd \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3;<\/li>\n
- H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i (d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00a0g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n \u00a0\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p, quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t) –\u00a0<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00a0ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t)\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd “\u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t”. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hay ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnhmu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd \u00a0th\u00edch t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n
Phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ba c\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m 9 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 thang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0– \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ba phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong ba phong c\u00e1ch kia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu. H\u00e3y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TI\u1ebeP C\u1eacN D\u1ef0A TR\u00caN B\u1ed0N N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG\u00a0(FOUR FRAMEWORK APPROACH)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo B\u1ed1n N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, Bolman v\u00e0 Deal cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0(L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Structural leadership, xem th\u00eam ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0(L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Symbolic leadership, xem th\u00eam ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/em>. C\u00f2n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
B\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 4 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
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- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7\u00a0ch\u0103m ch\u0103m soi m\u00f3i\u00a0ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m; h\u1ecd trao th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5” lu\u00f4n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng sau h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua vai di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri, c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0k\u1ebb \u0103n theo\u00a0ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c\u00a0tung h\u1ecfa m\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft “kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O THEO T\u00ccNH HU\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n
N\u0103m 1997, hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Paul Hersey v\u00e0 Ken Blanchard \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c – m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>\u00a0(ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o)<\/em>\u00a0– M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (hay t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o)\u00a0<\/em>ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, n\u1ea3y sinh o\u00e1n \u00a0gi\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5t ch\u00ed nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u00a0<\/strong>(h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)<\/em>\u00a0– Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u00a0ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3). H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp). Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u00a0khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 Ken Blanchard \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0Thuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e0nh\u00a0L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/em>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ken, phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 (h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3). D T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nV\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tu\u1ef3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5):<\/p>\n
- \n
- Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (Directing)<\/strong>\u00a0– \u0110\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng (khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u00a0kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5) v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i).<\/li>\n
- Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (Coaching)<\/strong>\u00a0– Gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ).<\/li>\n
- H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (Supporting)<\/strong>\u00a0– Gi\u1ea3m ra l\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa(\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
- \u1ee6y th\u00e1c (Delegating)<\/strong>\u00a0– Cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[168,167],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4251"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4251\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (Coaching)<\/strong>\u00a0– Gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ).<\/li>\n
- Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u00a0<\/strong>(h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)<\/em>\u00a0– Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u00a0ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3). H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp). Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u00a0khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c \u00edt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m; h\u1ecd trao th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5” lu\u00f4n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong>– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 thi h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7\u00a0ch\u0103m ch\u0103m soi m\u00f3i\u00a0ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 (Country Club)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>\u00a0– nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n